DETERMINATION AND MANAGEMENT OF SENSITIVE AREAS ON THE BASIS OF WATERSHED IN TURKEY

1. MINISTRY OF FORESTRY AND WATER AFFAIRS DETERMINATION AND MANAGEMENT OF SENSITIVE AREAS ON THE BASIS OF WATERSHED IN TURKEY Necla ADALI General Directorate of Water Management Water Quality Management Department 23 May 2013

2. CONTENT • Eutrophication • Sensitive Water Areas • Management of Sensitive Water Areas • The Project on Determination of Sensitive Areas and Water Quality Objectives on The Basis of Watershed in Turkey.

3. EUTROPHICATION Eutrophication is the process by which a body of water is enriched with organic material when this causes changes in that system.

4. What is Sensitive Water Area? • Sensitive Water Areas Eutrophic May Become Eutrophic • naturalfreshwaterlakes, • otherfreshwatersources, • estuariesandcoastalwaters, • fresh surface waters intended to supply drinking water and • can contain high nitrateconcentrations in case of the measures not takenareas requiring further treatment

5. Types of Sensitive Areas

6. Management of Sensitive Water Areas The Water Framework Directive reveals a more coherent and integrated approach for the management of eutrophication in water by fully taking into account the requirements of the Nitrates Directive and Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive.

7. THE PROJECT ON DETERMINATION OF SENSITIVE AREAS AND WATER QUALITY OBJECTIVES ON THE BASIS OF WATERSHED IN TURKEY

8. Aim of the Project To determine sensitive water areas in terms of water pollution, nitrate vulnerable water areasin the surface waters, nitrate vulnerable zones that affectthese areas,water quality objectives and measures to be taken to improve water quality in twenty five river basin in Turkey. Executive of the Project: TUBITAK Marmara Research Center Duration of the Project: 2012-2015

9. The Scope of the Project • Determination of Water Bodies in surface waters • Determination of Pressures , impacts and pollution loads • (BOİ,KOİ,AKM,TN,TP, NO3,PO4) • Determination of Potential Sensitive Areas (Pressures –impacts, monitoring data, expert opinions) • Monitoring on potential sensitive areas • (ÇO, pH, T, TN, TP, TOK, PO4, NO3, NH4, secchi disk, klorofil-a, SS, bilogical parameters) • Determination of the reference water bodies and water quality objectives • Determination of final sensitive areas • (by monitoring data) • Determination of carrying capacity in lakes, dams in terms of nutrients • C, N, P • Determination of measures to be takenfor all water bodiesin line with the water quality objectives • (including wastewater treatment systems) • Development of water quality models for our country • Preparation of legislation, guide documents, measures program

10. Determination of waterBodiesandTypology accordingto WFD

11. Determination of Water Bodies Body of surface water” means a discrete and significant element of surface water such asa lake, a reservoir, a stream, river or canal, part of a stream, river or canal, a transitionalwater or a stretch of coastal water.

12. Determination of Water Bodies Surface water body 1 Point source Surface water body 2

13. Determination of Water Bodies Surface water bodies can be grouped and monitored from a single representative site for monitoring, reporting and management Grouped water bodies must have similar characteristics, quality and human pressure (risks)

14. Typology • Each category of water body is divided into various types of water body • The typology ensures that similar types of water bodies are compared and that biological and chemical standards are able to protect ecological quality • Different types of river support different natural biology

15. Criteria of Typology Table 1. Criteria of Typology Used for The Classification of Lakes

16. Criteria of Typology Table 2. Criteria of Typology Used for The Classification of Rivers

17. Determination of Pressures and Impacts Pressure and impact analysis is a risk analysis method that is used to assess the risks which are related to the achieving case of the desired water quality objectives.

18. WATER BODIES ON BÜYÜK MENDERES BASIN

19. Determination of PotentialSensitive Water Areas • Morphological and geographical features • pressures and impacts, • hydro-dynamic properties, • bio-chemical properties, • pollution loads on the basis of wastewater sources and • water quality monitoring data, • Additionally, • eutrophication parameters (chlorophyll-a, secchi disc, ortho-phosp.) • satellite images that show the distribution of chlorophyll-acons.)

20. Monitoring on Potential Sensitive Areas

21. Determination of Sensitive Water Areas in Lakes

22. Determination of Sensitive Water Areas in Lakes

23. Determination of Sensitive Areas for Rivers

24. Modeling Studies Modeling studies will be realized in sensitive water bodies in order to achieve water quality objectives with the aim of determination of alternative scenarios regarding measures. Some of the alternative models considered to be suitable for water quality modeling are listed below and one of them will be used in the project. • SHYFEM • Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) • TELEMAC-MASCARET • CE-QUAL-W2 • AQUATOX • WASP

25. Conclusions With the completion of the project, • Sensitivewater areas and nitrate vulnerable water areasand nitrate vulnerable zones will be determined • Measuresthat need to be taken for improvement of water quality and control of the pollution of point and diffuse sources will be assessed. • Regulations, guide documents will be prepared.

26. Thanks for your attention.