CLOZE 1

1. CLOZE1 AMERICAN HISTORY

2. In 1776, Thomas Jefferson was asked to _____________ a type scrawl write document to declare our nation’s ___________ from Great Britain. escape independence freedom He presented the finished document to ____________ on June 28, 1776. Congress taxpayers America The Declaration of Independence was signed on July 4, 1776.

3. “We hold these truths to be self-evident that all Men are _________ made given created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with _________ unalienable rights many certain several that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness…”

4. The Declaration of Independence declared “these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be, Free and Independent States.” It also spelled out human ________ freedoms rights needs that should be __________ by our protected imported provided government.

5. On October 17, 1781, a hush fell over the Yorktown battlefield. The British __________ a white cloth saw found waved signaling the surrender of over 7,000 British soldiers. On October 17, 1781, the Revolutionary War was __________. ended started entrenched

6. The first thing Congress did was to _________ a constitution. It had create purchase type seven _________, called articles. paragraphs pieces sections These spelled out how the United States government would work. The Constitution would be the supreme __________ of the land. property law doctrine

7. By June 1788, nine states had approved the Constitution. According to the __________ itself, the approval recipe constitution mandate by nine states was enough votes to adopt the Constitution. The next year the people followed the guidelines of the Constitution to elect the nation’s first __________ . President governor mayor

8. General George Washington was chosen for the job of first president. The new nation needed a place for the government to hold its __________. flag members meetings Philadelphia, Pennsylvania had served as a temporary __________ capital home building during the Revolutionary War. The new government needed a permanent home.

9. Everyone __________ about the location agreed disagreed wondered of the new capital. Northern states wanted it in the North and Southern states wanted it to be in the South. Every state clamored to have the capital built within its own __________. borders counties country They knew it would become a/an __________ trade center. small business important

10. In 1790 an agreement was reached. The new __________ would be located governor city state where the Potomac and Anacostia __________ meet. Maryland and rivers Indians mountains Virginia each agreed to give up a little __________ to the national government. money riverbank land

11. President George Washington hired Pierre Charles L’Enfant to __________ map design build the new __________ city. Pierre was a American government capitol French engineer who had served with the Patriots in the __________ War. Revolutionary WWI Indian

12. L’Enfant’s design would __________ incorporate hang focus on two buildings. One would be the “Congress house” and the other would be the “President’s house.” These two houses would be like hubs on a __________. wheel horse car

13. The _________ of the wheel would be pattern spokes creation long wide roads going out in all directions from each “house.” L”Enfant made many __________ when enemies friends houses he began building the city. He went over budget and knocked down houses without __________. warning permission thinking

14. L’Enfant was fired less than one year after __________ work on Washington. stopping destroying beginning Others took over but __________ ignored guarded cherished L’Enfant’s design. The __________ moved to Washington, people British government District of Columbia, in 1800, even though the city was only partly finished.

15. Washington did not become the important __________ center everyone government Presidential trade expected. It could not compete with New York, Baltimore and Philadelphia. It __________ a small city for more remained became relished than 50 years.

16. In 1800, Thomas Jefferson was _________ President of presented becoming elected the United States. He is ___________ for his purchase remembered forgiven forgotten of the Louisiana Territory.

17. New Orleans was a very important port at the _________ of the Mississippi River. head foot mouth Goods could not be moved over land so everything from flour to bacon and bearskins was loaded on __________ and boats trucks trains sailed to market by way of the Mississippi. But the United States did not own New Orleans.

18. New Orleans belonged to France. France owned everything from the Mississippi west to the Rocky Mountains. This __________ was state region country known as the Louisiana Territory. Jefferson feared that France might stop American ships from using this __________ port. vital common new

19. Jefferson sent ____________ to France emissaries congressmen Indians to try to purchase part of the port at New Orleans. France needed money and wanted to keep the port out of British hands. They offered to sell the entire Louisiana Territory to the United States for $15__________. dollars million billion

20. Jefferson wanted to know exactly what he had __________ with his paid found purchased $15,000,000 so he sent Lewis and Clark out to explore. He told them to __________ back about the Indians, report call text animals, soil, stones, birds, bugs, weather, and everything else they saw on their trip.

21. Thus began the __________ of Lewis voyage trip journey and Clark. They had selected 30 men and packed all of the __________ they would need supplies stuff furs onto a 60 foot flat-bottomed boat. Along the way they met a __________ Indian salesman trader and his wife, a Shoshone Indian, named Sacagewea.

22. In November 1805, a _________ and a year decade century half after they began, Lewis and Clark reached the _________ Ocean. Atlantic Pacific Indian They had mapped the land and recorded all of the wondrous sights they had seen. Now Jefferson and the people of America knew how valuable the Louisiana Territory actually was.

23. Thomas Jefferson continued working even after his ___________ as term period vision president was over. He founded the University of Virginia. He designed the buildings, defined the courses that would be offered, and he even __________ the taught found hired first teachers.

24. In 1825, Thomas Jefferson wrote a letter to his grandson listing ten pieces of advice. • Never put off until __________ what you can do today. today tomorrow yesterday • Never trouble another for what you can do __________. without again yourself

25. Never spend your money before you __________ it. have deposit debit • Never buy what you do not want, because it is cheap; it will be dear (expensive) to you. • Pride costs us more than hunger, thirst and __________. food cold cars

26. We never __________ of having repent regret relive eaten too little. • Nothing is troublesome that we do __________ . hastily halfway willingly • How much pain have cost us the evils which have __________ always never continually happened.

27. Take things always by their smooth handle. • When __________, count to ten, happy angry famished before you speak; if very angry, count to one __________. hundred again tenths

28. The first half of the 1800s was a time of adding on to the nation. Almost all of the land __________of North South East West the Mississippi River was added to the United States during this __________. century time decade

29. By 1812, Great Britain and the United States were back at war. In 1814, British __________ had captured ships forces women Washington, D.C. The British burned much of Washington, including the White House. Then they sailed __________ to attack north south east west Fort McHenry, which protected the city of Baltimore, Maryland.

30. American poet, Francis Scott Key, was on the British ship, Surprise, asking for the __________ of prisoner, transport capture release Dr. Beans. The British agreed to let them go after the attack on Fort McHenry. Francis Scott Key could clearly see the 50 foot American flag that flew over the fort from the deck of the Surprise.

31. The British began __________ Fort advancing bombing stocking McHenry the morning of September 13, 1814 and continued all day and into the night. On the morning of September 14, Francis Scott Key could see that the ___________ still fort ribbons flag waved proudly over the fort. The British attempt to take over Baltimore had failed.

32. Francis Scott Key was so moved by the sight of the__________, he wrote a ships fort flag poem about the events of that night. His poem was published and put to music. People all over America began to sing the song. It wasn’t until 1913, one hundred years later, that “The Star-Spangled Banner” became our national anthem.

33. In 1800, travel by land was difficult. Travel by water was much easier. People spoke about _________a canal having using digging to connect Lake Erie and the Hudson River in New York. Work on the canal started in 1817. Eight years later the canal was finally finished. It covered ________ miles and contained 83 locks. 363 3,630 36,300 363,000

34. A lock is a place in the canal where, in a series of steps, a _________ can dolphin jetski ship go from lower water to higher water or higher water to lower water. A ship can _________ through different float transfer travel elevations because of the series of locks.

35. During the 1840s, after the return of Lewis and Clark, people headed west in huge numbers. The Oregon Trail was a 2,000 mile _________ that road river path began in Independence, Missouri and ended in Oregon. Thousands of courageous pioneers risk everything for a chance at a new life in the west.

36. Most travel on the Oregon Trail was done by Conestoga wagons or prairie schooners. These wagons were first built in Pennsylvania’s Conestoga Valley. They called them prairie schooners because they looked like long boats as they travelled through the tall __________ grasses. prairie yellow thin

37. The wagons were specially built for travel west. The wheels could be removed, the wagon could _________ carry float ride like a raft, and it had very wide wheels that could move through mud and sand. It was also very thin, only 4 foot wide, making it _________ to maneuver slower harder easier through narrow passes.