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Chap 10, pp. 298-304 only Radical Political Islam pp. 298-304

Chap 10, pp. 298-304 only Radical Political Islam pp. 298-304. 20 th Century Pan Arab Nationalism. Pan Arab Nationalist Regimes – Drew on western secularism & western modernity “ Nasserism ” (1952-1970) – P an-Arab nationalist movement by Gemal Abdul Nasser in Egypt

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Chap 10, pp. 298-304 only Radical Political Islam pp. 298-304

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  1. Chap 10, pp. 298-304 onlyRadical Political Islampp. 298-304

  2. 20th Century Pan Arab Nationalism • Pan Arab Nationalist Regimes – Drew on western secularism & western modernity • “Nasserism” (1952-1970) – Pan-Arab nationalist movement by Gemal Abdul Nasser in Egypt • “Ba’athism” – Arab nationalist type regimes (influenced in part by western secularism & socialism) • Iraq (1968 - 2003) • Syria (1966 - Present) • Pro-western hereditary monarchies • Iran under the Shah of Iran (1965 – 1979) • Contemporary Examples: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Jordan • Radical Political Islam – Arose in Opposition to the Above • Starting with the 1979 Iranian Islamic Revolution against the Iranian Monarch (Shah)

  3. Muslim Counter-Enlightenment • Radical Islamic movements reject the western Enlightenment tradition, especially the focus on secularism and “individual autonomy” • Radical Islam seeks a return to a more pure form of Islam, not tainted by secularism and modernity • Radical Islamists are opposed to: • Western modernity • Muslims who endorse the incorporation of Western modernity

  4. Sayyid Qutb (1906-1966) and Radical Islam • Egyptian exile who criticized King Faruq’s pro-Western stance • Articulated a strong ideological reaction against Western modernity • Became important intellectual leader of the Muslim Brotherhood • Qutb rejected Nasser’s secularist pan-Arab project

  5. Qutb and Radical Islam • Provided essential parts of the ideological foundation of Radical Islam • Non Muslims and Westernized Muslims suffer from “false consciousness” • Liberalism: sovereignty of individual; Socialism: sovereignty of the proletariat; Radical Islam: sovereignty of Allah • Under radical Islam, Jihad is no longer an inner struggle to follow the Qu’ran • Jihad becomes an outwards struggle or holy war against modernity, secularism, capitalism, sexual equality, etc.

  6. Radical Islam & Political Program • Attack Muslims who embrace and institutionalize Western modernity • Wage jihad against forces of the West whose presence in Muslim lands represents corruption by an infidel “aggressor” • Education/indoctrination in religious schools (madrassas) • Use of violence and terror tactics by moderate Muslims across traditions, is of course, forbidden • Use of violence against Enlightenment modernity is associated only with radical forms of Islam

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