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Jürgen Homeier Plant Ecology, University of Göttingen Counterpart:

A1 Effects of nutrient manipulation (NUMEX) on the performance of tree species and the suitability of tree species as indicators for changing ecosystem properties. Jürgen Homeier Plant Ecology, University of Göttingen Counterpart: Carlos Iván Espinosa , UTPL Loja.

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Jürgen Homeier Plant Ecology, University of Göttingen Counterpart:

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  1. A1 Effects of nutrient manipulation (NUMEX) on the performance of tree species and the suitability of tree species as indicators for changing ecosystem properties Jürgen Homeier Plant Ecology, University ofGöttingen Counterpart: Carlos Iván Espinosa, UTPL Loja

  2. WP1: Long-term effectsofnutrientaddition on treegrowthandcarbonallocation (NUMEX plots,1000–3000m asl) • Methods • Monitoring ofabovegroundkeyparameters • iscontinued: • - Fine litterproductionandquality • - Leafparameters (foliarnutrients) • - Stemgrowth (dendrometertapes) • Focus on thebelowgroundcompartment: • (PhDthesisJhennySalgado, started 10/2013) • - Fine rootbiomass • - Fine rootproduction(ingrowthcores/rhizoscopes) • - Coarserootgrowth (2 treespecies per Numexsite) ? +N +P

  3. WP2: Effectsofcontinuednutrientaddition on treespeciescomposition (NUMEX plots,1000–3000m asl) • Methods • Monitoring oftreerecruitment • (ongoingPhDthesisDaisy Cárate, DAAD) • - Annual censusoftreeseedlings in Numexplots • Seedlingexperiments(PhDthesisDaisy) • - Plantingofseedlingsoflocallycommontree • speciesintotheNumexplotsandotherforestsites: • oneongoingexperimentwithHeliocarpus, Cedrela & Podocarpusplanted in May 2013 (San Francisco) tobeharvestedthisyear • onenewexperimentwithPrunusstartingthisyear at Numex 2000m

  4. WP3: Identificationofnutrient-sensitive treespecies • Methods • Extension oftheexistingtraitdatabasewithleaftraits (e.g. leaftoughness, foliarnutrientconcentrations) andstemtraits(e.g. barkthickness, WSG, vesseldensity, vesseldiameter, etc.) • Additional leafsamplesof 300 treesand • woodsamplesof 320 treeshavealready • beencollected Trichiliaseptentrionalis(Meliaceae) Alchornea lojaensis (Euph.)

  5. TRENCH Tree-Ring Environmental Network for Climate Change Monitoring • - Developing a tree-based indicator system for environmental change impacts on forest ecosystems in southern Ecuador Achim Bräuning Institute of Geography FAU Erlangen - Nuremberg

  6. TRENCH • A2 Quantitative Erfassungholzanatomischer Parameter 6

  7. TRENCH • A2 Quantitative Erfassungholzanatomischer Parameter • NeueMethode: Micr-CT (3-dimensionale Analyse) 7

  8. TRENCH • A2Laipuna: Erstellung von Jahrringchronologien und derenklimatische InterpretationBeispiel: Burseragraveolens EL NIÑO 8

  9. TRENCH • A2Laipuna: Erstellung von Jahrringchronologien und derenklimatische InterpretationBeispiel: Burseragraveolens RAIN SEASON (JAN-MAY) DRY SEASON (JUN-DEC) 9

  10. TRENCH • A2Laipuna: Erstellung von Isotopenreihen und derenklimatische InterpretationBeispiel: Burseragraveolens

  11. TRENCH • A2Planung • März/April 2014: Installation neuerDendrometerstationen in Laipuna/RBSF • Laipuna: WasserprobenimNiederschlag/Boden/Xylem für 18O-Isotopie • Sommer/Herbst: Etablierung von Dendrometerstationen in El Cajas (Polylepis / Pinus)

  12. Soil related projects in NUMEX-X • A7 The fate of phosphorus in forest and treeline ecosystems in Ecuador – Yvonne Oelmann • Nachanträge: DFG Bundle „N cycling“ • A3 The soil animal community as indicator of changes in the structure and functioning of Andean ecosystems with altitude and nutrient input – Stefan Scheu • A4 Responses of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to nutrient additions in Southern Ecuador – Matthias Rillig • (Ax Response of element cycles in a tropical mountain rain forest to environmental and land-use change - Wolfgang Wilcke) 12

  13. A7 – Yvonne Oelmann • Research questions • Does the relationship between the mechanisms (biological versus geochemical control) underlying P retention in the Ecuadorian montane rainforest change with altitude? • Does N and P fertilization modify the relationship between the biological and the geochemical control? 13

  14. A7 – Yvonne Oelmann • Preliminary results • The P-saturation index in mineral soil increases with increasing altitude. Explaining variables (e.g. pH, mineralisation) yet to be measured 14

  15. A7 – Yvonne Oelmann • Preliminary results • The P-saturation index in mineral soil is higher if P is added • Fertilization effects even visible in the mineral soil below the thick organic layer • Geochemical control needs to be considered 15

  16. A7 – Yvonne Oelmann • Future work • Tübingen • geochemical control, baseline P storage & availability • Ecuador • sampling campaign in 2014 after symposium • analysis of enzyme activity (phosphatase) • Göttingen: • analysis of gross mineralisation (33P approach) 16

  17. A3 – Stefan Scheu • Bachelor and Master Thesis (2011 – 2013) • Master Thesis: Kristina Richter (Nov. 2013): Effects of nutrient addition (N, P, Ca) on soil arthropods along an altitudinal gradient of tropical montane rainforests in southern Ecuador • Master Thesis: Stephan Töppich (Nov. 2013): Soil microarthropod colonization of root and leaf litter and their effect on decomposition processes in a tropical mountain rain forest in Southern Ecuador 17

  18. A3 – Stefan Scheu • Publications 2013 • Krashevska V, Sandmann D, Maraun M, Scheu S (2012) Consequences of exclusion of precipitation on microorganisms and microbial consumers in montane tropical rainforests. Oecologia, 170, 1067-1076. • Krashevska V, Sandmann D, Maraun M, Scheu S (2013) Moderate changes in nutrient input alter tropical microbial and protist communities and belowground linkages. Isme Journal. 18

  19. A3 – Stefan Scheu • Future Work • Long-term responses in NUMEX-X – sampling starting in summer 2014 • 15N labeling experiment: execution questionable without Wilcke • Rotated core experiment (cooperation with Rillig, Wilcke?) • Phylogeography of selected oribatid mites and testate amoebae – sampling starting in summer 2014 19

  20. A4 - Matthias Rillig • Thesis • Antje Gensing (Nov 2013): Responses of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to nutrient additions in a pot experiment conducted in Southern Ecuador • Publications • Camenzind T, Rillig MC (2013) Extraradical arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal hyphae in an organic tropical montane forest soil. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 64, 96-102 • Camenzind T, Hempel S, Homeier J, Horn S, Velescu A, Wilcke W, Rillig MC: Nitrogen and phosphorus additions impact arbuscular mycorrhizal abundance and molecular diversity in a tropical montane forest. - resubmitted 20

  21. A4 - Matthias Rillig • Ongoing work • Until July 2014 - final analyses of 5 year effects in NUMEX • Final publication of overall fertilization effects on AMF and roots - in cooperation with Homeier/Hertel • Future Work • Long-term responses in NUMEX-X - AMF abundance and molecular diversity - coordinated sampling • 15N labelling experiment - questionable without Wilcke • Rotated core array - in cooperation with Scheu 21

  22. (Wolfgang Wilcke) • Publications • Wullaert H, Bigalke M, Homeier J, Cumbicus N, Valarezo C, Wilcke W (2013) Short-term response of the Ca cycle of a montane forest in Ecuador to low experimental CaCl2 additions. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 176, 892-903 • Wilcke W, Leimer S, Peters T et al.(2013) The nitrogen cycle of tropical montane forest in Ecuador turns inorganic under environmental change. Global Biogeochemical Cycles,27, 1194-1204 • Ongoing work • Ongoing PhD thesis of Andre Velescu - close to finish 5 year analyses in NUMEX; preparation to measure effects of 15N tracer experiment in 3-4 months 22

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