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Unit 1 Ancient World: Civilizations and Religions 4,000 B.C.- A.D. 500

Unit 1 Ancient World: Civilizations and Religions 4,000 B.C.- A.D. 500. Global History II Review. Early Peoples and River Civilizations. Early Peoples Hunters and Gatherers People who moved place to place in search of food Neolithic Revolution Development of Agriculture

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Unit 1 Ancient World: Civilizations and Religions 4,000 B.C.- A.D. 500

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  1. Unit 1Ancient World: Civilizations and Religions4,000 B.C.- A.D.500 Global History II Review

  2. Early Peoples and River Civilizations • Early Peoples • Hunters and Gatherers • People who moved place to place in search of food • Neolithic Revolution • Development of Agriculture • Planted crops and domestication of animals • Settlement in villages • New Technology • Calendars, plows, wheel, metal weapons/ tools

  3. Early Peoples and River Civilizations • The Rise of Civilization • First civilizations developed in river valleys • Characteristics • Cities Art and Architecture • Central Governments Transportation systems • Traditional Economy System of writing • Organized Religion Specialized workers • Social class system

  4. Early Peoples and River Civilizations • Egypt • Nile River valley • Polytheistic religion (belief in many gods) • Process of mummification • Medical advancements • Mesopotamia (Iraq) • Fertile Crescent (Tigris and Euphrates Rivers) • Polytheistic religion • Cuneiform- wedge-shaped form of writing • Code of Hammurabi- system of laws (eye for an eye)

  5. Early Peoples and River Civilizations • Indus River Valley (India) • Monsoons • Winds bring heavy rain to the region • Planned cities • Plumbing with baths and sewers • China • Yellow and Yangtze Rivers • Middle Kingdom- “Center of the Earth” • Dynasty- Ruling families • Migration • Bantu Migration- movement of people across Africa

  6. Classical Civilizations • China (1027 B.C. - A.D. 220) • Mandate of Heaven- divine right to rule • Dynastic Cycle • Dynasties lose their mandate and are replaced • Contributions • Astronomy • Silk • The Great Wall of China • Civil Service Examinations

  7. Classical Civilizations • Greece (1750 B.C.- 133 B.C.) • Mountains and islands gave rise to city-states • Polis is city and surrounding area (Government) • Philosophers (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle) • Sparta / Athens • Military state / Education and Democracy • Alexander the Great • Hellenistic Culture (Blend of Indian, Persian, Greek, and Egyptian) • Achievements in Philosophy, Literature, Art, Architecture, Science and Mathematics

  8. Classical Civilizations • Rome (509 B.C. – A.D. 476) • Located on a peninsula in the Mediterranean • Republic form of government (Senate) • Roman Empire conquered much of the Mediterranean region • Contributions: • System of Law (Twelve Tables) • Arch • Dome • Aqueducts

  9. Classical Civilizations • India (1500 B.C. – 185 B.C.) • Mauryan Empire • Organized government bureaucracy • Asoka- Religious toleration • Trade Routes • Mediterranean trade expanded • India traded goods with Rome • Silk Road- trade from China to Rome • Pax Romana (Roman Peace- trade)

  10. Rise and Fall of Empires • Han Empire • Strong government and profitable trade • Civil Service System • Development of Silk Road • Fell due to economic, political, and military problems

  11. Rise and Fall of Empires • Roman Empire • Strong military power • Strong Emperors stabilized government • Economic expansion and trade • Fell due to outside and internal problems

  12. Belief Systems • Animism (Africa) • Belief spirits are found in nature • Every living and nonliving thing has a spirit • Similar to Shinto (Shintoism) from Japan • Zen Buddhism (Japan) • Blend of Buddhism and Shinto beliefs • Spirit and harmony with nature

  13. Belief Systems • Hinduism (India) • Brahman is the universal spirit • Reincarnation is rebirth of the soul • Karma and Dharma are duties in life • Caste System places people in society • Buddhism (India and China) • Founded by Buddha • Four Noble Truths is overcoming desires • Eightfold Path involves Nirvana (salvation) • Like Hinduism: Reincarnation, karma, & dharma

  14. Belief Systems • Confucianism (China) • Based on teachings of Confucius • Relationships between superior and inferior • Duties in life depend on relationship • Taoism (China) • Sought harmony with nature • Balance between the yin and yang

  15. Belief Systems • Judaism (Middle East) • Monotheistic religion founded by Abraham • Hebrews believe they are God’s chosen people • Ten Commandments provided moral laws • Strong influence on Christianity and Islam

  16. Belief Systems • Christianity (Middle East) • Christians believe Jesus is the Messiah (savior) • Jesus was seen as a threat and was crucified • Teachings are similar to Judaism (Ten Com.) • Christians believe salvation comes through following Jesus’ teachings

  17. Belief Systems • Islam (Middle East) • Founded by Muhammad in 622 • Hijra was Muhammad’s journey to Mecca • Muslims are followers of Islam (Monotheistic) • Five Pillars of Islam • Faith in one God, daily prayer, almsgiving, fasting, and pilgrimage to Mecca • Sharia: Islamic laws guiding aspects of life

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