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Exegesis and Analysis of 2 Corinthians: Insights for Church Age Ministers

This study provides an exegesis and synthesis of Paul's Second Letter to the Corinthians, offering vital insights for church ministers today. Written in 55 AD, this "missionary letter" aims to comfort the church amidst challenges, commend their faith, and defend Paul’s apostleship against opposition. The analysis explores structural components, key themes such as ministry, comfort, reconciliation, and the unique identity of the New Covenant. Emphasizing restoration and the significance of the gospel ministry, this work serves as a resource for understanding the letter's relevance for contemporary church leadership.

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Exegesis and Analysis of 2 Corinthians: Insights for Church Age Ministers

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Exegesis • Synthesis • Analysis

  2. Overview of 2 Corinthians Exhortations from Church Age Ministers (Servants) Dr Christopher Cone

  3. Background and Context • Paul had founded the Corinthian church, and spent time there teaching • “and he settled there a year and six months, teaching the word of God among them” (Acts 18:11). • 1 Corinthians was very personal, and addressed error and immaturity; from Ephesus, 54 AD, during 3rd Missionary Journey (1 Cor 16:8, Acts 19) • 2 Corinthians was written by Paul from Macedonia, 55 AD, after leaving Ephesus during the 3rd Missionary Journey (2 Cor 2:12, Acts 20)

  4. Background and Context

  5. Background and Context • 2 Corinthians was a “missionary letter” that served several major purposes • Paul seeks to comfort, encourage the church (note “comfort,” various forms of παρακαλέω 10 times in chapter one, alone) • Paul commends the church, for receiving the previous letter and responding well, and recommends forgiveness and restoration to repentant offenders (2:1-11) • Paul defends his apostleship against those who would discredit him (11:22, chs. 10-13)

  6. Structural Keys • As is common in Paul’s epistles, the words therefore, but, and for are structural keys that move the argument from one thought to the next.

  7. Structural Keys / Outline • From structural keys, the letter can be outlined: • 1-7 Success in Ministry • 1:1-11 Comfort in Affliction • 1:12-24 Co-workers in Christ • 2:1-17 Restoration • 3:1-4:15 Ministry of the Gospel • 4:16-5:19 Eternal Significance • 5:20-6:18 Reconciliation • 7:1-16 Ministry of Comfort • 8-9 Glory and Generosity in Ministry • 10-13 Answering Opposition in Ministry • 10:1-17 Authority of the ministers • 11:1-12:13 Authority of Paul • 12:14-13:14 Preparation for Paul’s Visit

  8. Grammatical and Syntactical Keys • Note the “we” “you” distinction. • “we” = usually, Paul and Timothy, or Paul and the other apostles • “you” = usually, the Corinthians

  9. Grammatical and Syntactical Keys • 13:11 Finally, brethren, rejoice, be made complete, be comforted, be like-minded, live in peace; and the God of love and peace will be with you. • Λοιπόν, ἀδελφοί, χαίρετε, καταρτίζεσθε, παρακαλεῖσθε, τὸαὐτὸφρονεῖτε, εἰρηνεύετε, καὶὁθεὸςτῆςἀγάπηςκαὶεἰρήνηςἔσταιμεθʼὑμῶν.

  10. Lexical Keys • διακονία(service,ministry) used 10 times in chapters 3-9 • 3:7-9 (x4), 4:1, 5:18, 6:3, 9:1, 9:12-13 (x2) • διακονos (ous)(servant[s]) used 6 times in chapters 3-11 • 3:6, 4:5, 6:4, 11:15 (x2), 11:23 • Forms of παρακαλέω (comfort, encourage) appear 10 times in chapter 1, and 19 times in the letter • 1:3-7 (x10), 2:7, 7:4-13 (x7), 13:11

  11. Biblical and Theological Context • A Few Key Issues/Highlights: • The ministry of the New Covenant (3:6) • The eternal state vs. the temporal, simply stated (5:6-10) • Church age giving, different from the tithe (9:6-8) • Spiritual warfare (10:3-5) • Paul’s unique relationship with God, and lessons we learn about God’s character (12:1-10)

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