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LAN

LAN. Eric Wong CS 147 Fall 2008. What is LAN?. LAN stands for Local Area Network A LAN is a network that connects multiple computers These computers may be in the same room, same building, or spread out throughout multiple buildings. LAN. Characteristics of LAN.

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LAN

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  1. LAN Eric Wong CS 147 Fall 2008

  2. What is LAN? • LAN stands for Local Area Network • A LAN is a network that connects multiple computers • These computers may be in the same room, same building, or spread out throughout multiple buildings

  3. LAN

  4. Characteristics of LAN • A network of two or more computers • All computers in the network connected by cables or wi-fi • Does not require leased communication lines

  5. Components of a network • Ethernet • Hubs • Individual Computers • Protocol • NICs • Network Software • Server

  6. Ethernet • Uses Ethernet cables to physically connect computers to a network

  7. Ethernet (cont) • May be wireless using radio waves for two-way communication • Ethernet protocol formally known as IEEE 802.3 • IEEE is the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

  8. Ethernet (cont) • Called IEEE 802.3 because it was defined in February 1980

  9. Hubs • A Junction Box with multiple ports for Ethernet cables to connect to • Sends all data it receives to every computer in the network • MAC (Medium Access Control) addresses

  10. Hubs (cont) • Computers ignore all information that is addresses to a different MAC • Hubs use half-duplex mode • Each computer can only send or receive data at the same time • Can’t do both at once

  11. Network Switch • Alternative to a Hub • Full Duplex Functionality • Nodes can receive and send data at the same time • Sends data to specific MAC addresses only instead of every computer

  12. Network Switch (cont) • Superior to Network Hubs

  13. Computers • Allows users to interface with the network • Computers on a network share resources and/or information

  14. Protocol • Ethernet is a communications protocol • They define the rules that allow computers to communicate with each other • Protocol operations send signals to the desired network and attempts to find a connection

  15. TCP/IP • Another common communication protocol in LANs • TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol • IP stands for Internet Protocol • Also used for Internet connections

  16. NIC • NIC stands for Network Interface Card • Installed into an empty slot on the motherboard • May be built into the motherboard • Ethernet cables connect from the Hub or Switch to the NIC

  17. NIC (cont) • Every computer in a network has one • All NICs connected to the network must use the same architecture

  18. Network Software • Software that uses all the hardware to create a networking environment • Allows administration of network • Many operating systems contain networking software • Also available from vendors

  19. Server • Server performs a special service on the network • May be spread out over multiple computers • Typically one computer dedicated to server functions

  20. Server (cont) • Server computer is built differently • Stores a majority of the data in a network

  21. The Purpose of LAN • It allows shared file access between computers quickly • Share peripherals • Transfer data between computers at a high rate

  22. Disadvantages • Computers must be physically close to each other • Security issues

  23. Security • With Hubs, packet sniffers allow access to data intended for other computers • Viruses on one computer may threaten whole network

  24. WAN • Stands for Wide-Area Network • Computer network on a much larger scale than LANs • Internet is an example of WAN.

  25. Larger Networks • LANs may connect to other LANs or WANs to form an even larger network • Usually done with a router • Router receives data and forwards it to the correct location

  26. Sources • Anissimov, Michael. "What is a Local Area Network." WiseGEEK. 18 Nov. 2008 <http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-local-area-network.htm>. • Kayne, R. "What are Networking Hubs." WiseGEEK. 19 Nov. 2008 <http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-networking-hubs.htm>. • Kayne, R. "What is Ethernet?" WiseGEEK. 19 Nov. 2008 <http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-ethernet.htm>. • White, David. "What is TCP/IP." WiseGEEK. 18 Nov. 2008 <http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-tcpip.htm>.

  27. Sources (cont) • "What is Computer Networking." Senior Corps Tech Center. Corporation for National and Community Service. 20 Nov. 2008 <http://www.seniortechcenter.org/hardware_and_software/what_is_network.php>.

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