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D2: Circulation and Respiration

D2: Circulation and Respiration. D2-1: THE Cardiovascular System. September 2-3, 2010. I. Your Cardiovascular System. This system consists of a collection of organs that transport blood throughout the body. “Cardio”-heart “Vascular”-blood vessel. I. Your Cardiovascular System.

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D2: Circulation and Respiration

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  1. D2: Circulation and Respiration

  2. D2-1: THE Cardiovascular System September 2-3, 2010

  3. I. Your Cardiovascular System • This system consists of a collection of organs that transport blood throughout the body. • “Cardio”-heart • “Vascular”-blood vessel

  4. I. Your Cardiovascular System • The blood vessels carry blood pumped by the heart. • Your main blood vessels include: • Arteries • Capillaries • Veins

  5. II. The Heart • As we discussed in our previous chapter, our heart is mostly made up of cardiac muscle tissue. • In humans, our heart is about the size of our fist. • Your heart also consists of fours separate chambers known as atria and ventricles.

  6. II. The Heart • Each atrium is a part of the upper chamber of the heart. • Each ventricle is a part of the lower chamber of the heart. • The right side of your heart pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs. • The left side of your heart pumps oxygen-rich blood to the rest of your body.

  7. II. The Heart • Flap-like structures called valves are located between the atria and the ventricles and well as in places where large arteries are attached to the heart. • As blood flows through the heart these valves open and close to prevent blood from going backwards.

  8. II. The Heart • Why does your heart go “lub-dub,” lub-dub”? • The sound of a beating heart is caused by the valves closing.

  9. II. The Heart • Let’s go through the flow of blood found in Figure 3 on p. 31.

  10. III. Blood Vessels • Blood vessels are hollow tube structures that blood travels through. • Veins=De-oxygenized blood • Artery=Oxygenized blood • Capillaries=Small blood vessels

  11. A. Arteries • A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the body’s organs. • Have thick walls, which contain a layer of smooth muscle. • Blood pressure is caused by your heart pumping blood. • Your pulse is the rhythmic change your blood pressure.

  12. B. Capillaries • A tiny blood vessel that allows an exchange between blood and cells in other tissue. • Blood cells give up oxygen and nutrients as they pass through. • Body cells give up wastes and carbon dioxide. • Capillaries are so small that blood cells must pass through single file.

  13. C. Veins • A blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart. • Skeletal and Smooth muscles both push blood towards the heart.

  14. IV. Two Types of Circulation • Pulmonary Circulation: • The Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart through the pulmonary arteries, capillaries, and veins. • Systemic Circulation: • The flow of blood from the heart to all parts of the body and back to the heart.

  15. IV. Two Types of Circulation • Here is the order of blood circulation beginning in the Right Ventricle. • Right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary artery (Oxygen-poor blood). • This blood passes through capillaries found in the lungs to take in oxygen. • This oxygen-rich blood passes through the pulmonary vein and back into the heart. • Pulmonary Circulation complete!

  16. IV. Two Types of Circulation • The Left Ventricle then pumps oxygen-rich blood into the aorta. • The pressure pushes blood throughout body passing oxygen to all of the body’s cells. • As it passes through the capillaries, wastes and carbon dioxide are carried away from the cells. • Oxygen-poor blood passes back through the main veins and returns to the Right atria. • Systemic Circulation complete. • REPEAT!

  17. V. Cardiovascular Problems • Cardiovascular problems can be cause by several different things including: • Smoking • High levels of cholesterol in blood • Stress • Physical Inactivity • Poor eating habits • Heredity • Exercise and a proper diet can reduce these problems.

  18. V. Cardiovascular Problems • Atherosclerosis • Results when cholesterol builds up inside blood vessels. • Platelets can often stick together, which can also lead to blockages. • This narrows the blood vessels and makes them less elastic. • This continued blockage can eventually lead to a heart attack.

  19. V. Cardiovascular Problems • High Blood Pressure • Hypertension • Abnormally high blood pressure. • This can lead to: • Heart attack • Heart failure • Kidney disease • Stroke • Blood vessel in the brain becomes blocked or ruptures.

  20. V. Cardiovascular Problems • Heart Attack • Occurs when heart muscle cells die and part of the heart muscle is damaged. • May result from a blockage in an artery or vein. • If the heart does not receive oxygen, hearts cells quickly die and may stop. • Heart Failure • Occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs. • Vital organs, such as the brain, lungs, and kidneys, may get damaged by lack of oxygen or a build-up of waste materials.

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