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An unexpected story read in Italian cattle DNA

An unexpected story read in Italian cattle DNA. Riccardo Negrini Istituto di Zootecnica Università Cattolica del S. Cuore Piacenza, Italy r iccardo.negrini@unicatt.it http://www.animalgenetics-piacenza.it. Matera 9-12 July 2008.

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An unexpected story read in Italian cattle DNA

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  1. An unexpected story read in Italian cattle DNA Riccardo Negrini Istituto di Zootecnica Università Cattolica del S. Cuore Piacenza, Italy riccardo.negrini@unicatt.it http://www.animalgenetics-piacenza.it. Matera 9-12 July 2008

  2. Towards a strategy for the conservation of the genetic diversity of European cattle RESGEN Matera 9-12 July 2008

  3. [RESGEN PL98-118 www.androclus.vet.uu.nl/resgen/] NFC A dataset comprising almost 60 European taurine breeds EFC AYR WFC SRP SHI ABA AYR SHN DEX DAR ANG 30 microsatelites 150 AFLP markers GWH HER LBP HFR DUB LRP BWB GUE JER NOR POR BOR YEL MAN BPN HIW PAR PIG HGY CHA SIM BRO REN REN GRA LIM ERI BRO BAZ SAL RGA PRI HFR ASV IST AUB MON BDA ASM PIM CAB ALI TUD ROM BUS PIR GAS CNA CHI SAY MCG BPI AVI MOR MMA STE RET POD TDL M PAJ BER Matera 9-12 July 2008

  4. Relationship among European breeds Central Europe Southern Europe Northern Europe Reynolds distance Matera 9-12 July 2008 Neighbour Joining tree

  5. Rendena Italian red pied Piedmontese N=47 Romagnola Cabannina 11 Italian Breeds 141 AFLP Calvana Chianina Maremmana N=66 Podolica Cinisara Modicana N=51 Matera 9-12 July 2008

  6. 0,15 Calvana 0,1 Chianina Italian Red Pied 0,05 It, Fresian Marchigiana Valdostana Red Pied Romagnola Alpine Grey It. Limousine Mucca Pisana 0 Cabannina Maremmana -0,1 -0,05 0 0,05 0,1 0,15 Piedmontese Rendena Podolica -0,05 It. Brown Modicana -0,1 -0,15 Cinisara -0,2 Relationship among Italian breeds CENTRE-SOUTH NORTH PCOA1 ALPINE PODOLIAN Matera 9-12 July 2008

  7. Other class of markers…… 2nd dimension 1st dimension D Laloë, K Goudarz Matera 9-12 July 2008

  8. Chianina Larger cattle in the world. The bull "Donetto" reached the weigh of 1.780 Kg Matera 9-12 July 2008

  9. Historical information • L. IUNIUS MODERATUS COLUMELLA (I sec B.C.) • De Re Rustica - Liber VI “[…] Umbria produces huge and white (bovines) […]” In VI – VII sec. B.C. Numa Pompilio (Roman king) introduced in Rome the use of sacrifying to gods huge white bovines used in field working Matera 9-12 July 2008

  10. Two genomes, three modes of transmitting information Autosomes Y Chromosome Mitochondrial DNA Matera 9-12 July 2008

  11. Bostaurus mtDNA HVRI region diversity Reduced Median Networks Troy et al., Nature, 2001 Matera 9-12 July 2008

  12. Centre Europe Italy Near East Matera 9-12 July 2008

  13. Loss of diversity * * N.S. * Matera 9-12 July 2008

  14. Admixture analysis Matera 9-12 July 2008

  15. How did they arrive….? Matera 9-12 July 2008

  16. When did they arrive….? T3 Egypt 16050 Datation of a T3 branch rooting in 16050 transition. Mutation shared by Tuscan, Middle Eastern cattle 16138 Tuscany, Middle East, Anatolia, Egypt 16057 16261 Tuscany East Europa (Hungary) Estimated coalescence time is 3.970 +/- 2.400years b.p.: The mutation arrived in Tuscany after Neolithic colonization of Italy (about 8.000 years b.p.) Matera 9-12 July 2008

  17. MtDNA haplogroups (T, T1, T2 and T3) Matera 9-12 July 2008

  18. Is there any link with past human history….? Matera 9-12 July 2008

  19. Is there any link with the onset of Etruscan civilisation? Matera 9-12 July 2008

  20. Etruscan had a powerful military and trading fleet and reached the Aegean sea and Anatolia Strabone, citing Eforo, reports that Greeks that were founding Naxos (734 B.C.) were afraid of Etruscan attacks. Matera 9-12 July 2008

  21. Etruscan navy controlled trade in west Mediterranean 630 – 500 B.C. Matera 9-12 July 2008

  22. Archaeology -> different opinions • Linguistics -> European or Semitic? • History -> Herodotus On-going debate on the origin of this civilisation Local development, with Eastern influences or Eastern Mediterranean provenience? • What about genetics? Matera 9-12 July 2008

  23. Most related modern population • modern Tuscans Gene flow with • Anatolia populations mtDNA analysis from Etruscan remains (Vernesi et al., 2001 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA)

  24. Genetic data from modern populations • Francalacci et al. (1996 Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 100, 443-460.) modern mtDNA sequences suggested the presence in Tuscany of an ancient European mtDNA diversity component, subsequently enriched by migrational waves, possibly from the Middle East. • Cavalli-Sforza and coauthors assayed nuclear markers in modern humans living in Tuscany (1994 History and geography of human genes - Princeton University Press, Princeton, NY, USA). They detected a genetic discontinuityin these when compared to nearby Italian populations, explained either as an immigration from elsewhere or by the ancient expansion of a local isolated population. Matera 9-12 July 2008

  25. mtDNA of modern Tuscan people H. sapiens B. taurus Tuscany divided in Volterra, Casentino and Murlo Matera 9-12 July 2008

  26. ALL ROADS TAKE TO ROMA…..? Before Rome many roads already took nearby, to Tarquinia, Caere, Cerveteri, Chiusi, Murlo… Matera 9-12 July 2008

  27. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS • F. Salamini • A. Torroni • A .Achilli • U. Tecchiati • O. Hanotte • M. Bruford • Paolo Ajmone Marsan • Piacenza team (Marco Pellecchia, Licia Colli, Raffaele Mazza, Ezequiel Nicolazzi, Lorenzo Bomba, Fatima Chegdani, Francesca Sibella, Marcin Rzepus, Giordana Lucente) • Resgen Consortium • Globaldiv Consortium Matera 9-12 July 2008

  28. And thank you for the attention……

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