GLONASS: Status and Perspectives

1. GLONASS: Status and Perspectives Civil GPS Service Interface Committee International Information Subcommittee Prague, 14-15 March, 2005 ________________________________________________ Sergey Revnivykh Satellite Navigation Department Mission Control Center Central Research Institute of Machine Building 4 Pionerskaya st, 141070 Korolyov sergey.revnivykh@mcc.rsa.ru http://www.mcc.rsa.ru/iac.htm

2. Overview • State Policy • System Status • Modernization • International Cooperation • Summary

3. State Policy Principles • GLONASS is a dual-use system • Recognition of GLONASS as an strategic element of the national security issue • No direct user fees for civil GLONASS service • Open access to the GLONASS civil signal structure for user equipment manufacture, applications development and value-added services • Combine GLONASS/GPS receivers use on the Russian territory • Compatibility and interoperability of GLONASS with GPS and future GALILEO • Development of the GNSS global market

4. GLONASS State Policy Sources • Decree of the President , 1999 • Decision of the Government, 1999 • Federal GLONASS Program for 2002-2011, approved by the Government, August 2001 • State concept of the Russian United Navigation and Time Service System, October 2004: GLONASS is a key element of the Navigation and Time Service System

5. Federal GLONASS Program Directions • Sustainment and development of GLONASS system (Roscosmos, MOD): • Minimal operation capability (18 satellites) by 2008 • Full operation capability (24 satellites) by 2010 • Development and production preparation of the GNSS user equipment for civil and governmental users (Agency of Industry, MOD) • Combined GNSS receivers • Integrated systems based on GNSS techniques • Components manufacture • Navigation technology introduction in the transport infrastructure (Transport Agencies of MOT) • Geodesy system modernization (Mapping Agency of MOT) Combined Federal Mission Oriented Program – directly funded from the Federal Budget with annual adjustment

6. GLONASS Program Management • Roskosmos: • GLONASS development • GLONASS augmentation development • GLONASS performance monitoring and control • MOD: • GLONASS development • GLONASS operation • User equipment development for governmental use ROSKOSMOS is The Program Coordinator

7. Overview • State Policy • System Status • Modernization • International Cooperation • Summary

8. GLONASS Constellation Status (05.03.2005) 14 satellites in constellation • 12 GLONASS satellites (3 years life-time): • All operational • 2 GLONASS-M satellites (7 years life-time) • Both in flight test • Next launch – end of 2005 Flight tests

9. Constellation History and Perspective GLONASS deployment milestones: • 18 satellites in constellation – 2007 • 24 satellites in constellation – 2010-2011

10. GLONASS Control Segment (Space Force) • GLONASS System Control Center • Krasnoznamensk, Moscow reg. • Satellite operation • OD&TS • TT&C stations • St.Petersbourg reg. • Schelkovo, Moscow reg • Yenisseysk • Komsomolsk-Amur • System clock (Central synchronizer) • Schelkovo Mission control segment development in schedule: • One-way tracking stations deployment: • Space Force sites • Rosstandard sites (Mendeleyevo, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk, Khabarovsk

11. GLONASS Satellite Performance • Guaranteed Life-time • Satellite mass • Power supply • Navigation payload • Mass • Power consumption • Clock stability (24 hours) • Attitude control accuracy • Solar panel pointing accuracy 3 years 1 415 kg 1 000 W 180 kg 600 W 5*10-13 0.5 deg 5 deg Group launch by PROTON Total launched 81 satellites Actual life-time 4.5 years

12. GLONASS-M Performance • Guaranteed Life-time • Satellite mass • Power supply • Navigation payload • Mass • Power consumption • Clock stability (24 hours) • Attitude control accuracy • Solar panel pointing accuracy 7 years 1 415 kg 1 450 W 250 kg 580 W 1*10-13 0.5 deg 2 deg GLONASS-M new features: • Extended life-time • L2 civil signal • Improved clock stability • Improved solar panel pointing • Improved dynamic model, less level of unpredicted accelerations Group launch by PROTON

13. GLONASS Availability Evolution 12/2001: 6 SV, A=17 gap = 13.7h 12/2002: 8 SV, A=22 gap = 9.3h 12/2003: 9 SV, A=35 gap = 9.0h Since 2001 the gap in navigation reduced from 14 to 3 hours 12/2004: 11 SV, A=58 gap = 4.6h 03/2005: 13 SV, A=76 gap = 2.9h 12/2007: 18 SV, A=96 gap = 0.6h

14. Overview • State Policy • System Status • Modernization • International Cooperation • Summary

15. GLONASS Service Modernization • Second civil signal at L2 frequency band since GLONASS-M in 2003for higher accuracy • Third civil signal at L3 frequency band since GLONASS-K in 2008 for higher reliability and accuracy, especially for safety-of-life applications • GNSS Integrity information in the third civil signal (GLONASS-K) – reliability of navigation service • Global differential ephemeris and time corrections in the third civil signal (GLONASS-K) – sub meter real time accuracy for mobile users • Search and Rescue service (extension of COSPAS/SARSAT service) – shortening time of precise positioning and rescue for people in distress

16. GLONASS Modernization Plan GLONASS 1982-2007 GLONASS-M 2003-2015 GLONASS-K 2008-2025 GLONASS-KM 2015-….. Requirement definition since 2002 г. DeveloperNPO PM D&D phase To be orderedup to 27 SV Life-time 10 years 3rd civil signal Developer NPO PM ProducerPO “Polyot” Total launched 81 SV Ordered1SV In orbit12SV Life-time3years DeveloperNPO PM Producer NPO PM Ordered8SV In orbit 2 SV To be ordered6 Life-time 7 years 2nd civil signal Ground control segment modernization Navigation (OD$TS) system modernization GLONASS augmentation system implementation System certification for safety of life applications Navigation service market development Search and Rescue service implementation Supplementary functions (TBD)

17. GLONASS-K Performance • Guaranteed Life-time • Satellite mass • Power supply • Navigation payload • Mass • Power consumption • Clock stability (24 hours) • Attitude control accuracy • Solar panel pointing accuracy 10 years 850 kg 1 270 W 260 kg 750 W 1*10-13 0.5 deg 1 deg GLONASS-K new features: • Extended life-time • L3 civil signal • Improved performance • SAR function Group launch by SOYUZ

18. GLONASS Signals fk1=f01+k×Df1 fk2=f02+k×Df2 fk3=fk1*3/4 f01=1602 MHz; Df1= 562,5 kHz f02=1246 MHz; Df2= 437,5 kHz

19. GLONASS Augmentation Development Operation since 2008 GEO GLONASS-K L3 signal National GLONASS/GPS Tracking Stations Network Uplink stations Data Processing and Analysis Center Global IGS Network Positioning in real time: Global <1 m Regional <5 cm • Integrity information • Global Orbit and Time Corrections

20. GLONASS Performance Monitoring and Control • Central Research Institute of ROSKOSMOS (Information Analytical Navigation Center) to fit-back for GLONASS Control Segment • Daily ephemeris and clock correction evaluation • Data of global IGS network in use • Driver for GLONASS performance improvement Orbit error in range (12.02.2005) SISRE GPS GLONASS GPS GLONASS

21. Overview • State Policy • System Status • Modernization • International Cooperation • Summary

22. General Goal • Benefit users by the reliable, accurate and with high availability navigation service • Developing GLONASS to provide compatibility and interoperability with existing and future systems • Beneficial use of GNSS service in the world market • Standards consolidation • Frequency protection • Joint development of user equipment and augmentations

23. Russia - EU • Negotiation process resumed • Consultations on the EU-Russia GALILEO/GLONASS Agreement – text to be consolidated soon • Technical group to find solutions for compatibility and interoperability • Signal compatibility and interoperability at L3/E5b • Time scale shift transmission • GLONASS geodesy reference to be adjusted to ITRF • Russian industry involvement into GALILEO development • SOYUZ launch service for GSTB-V2a • NII PP laser reflectors delivered for GSTB-V2a/b • Involvement to the H-maser development • Russian industry involvement in FP-6

24. Russia - India • Agreement signed in December 2004 • Civil GLONASS service covering • Participation of India in the GLONASS constellation sustainment (including launches of GLONASS-M satellites with India’s GSLV rocket) • Cooperation in ground GNSS infrastructure development

25. Russia - US • GPS/GLONASS full compatibility provided by design for existing signals • Joint statement signed in December 2004: • No direct user fees for civil GLONASS/GPS service confirmed • Cooperation at International organizations • Ensure compatibility and interoperability • SAR function implementation • Agreement preparation

26. GPS/GLONASS Combine Use Benefits Advantage of Positioning Availability for Urban and Canyon Conditions (GDOP<5, mask angle 25o) GPS+GLONASS (9 sats) GPS only GPS+GLONASS (12 sats) Number of satellites in view for Moscow region during a day GPS+GLONASS (9 sats) GPS+GLONASS (18 sats) GPS only

27. Overview • State Policy • System Status • Modernization • International Cooperation • Summary

28. Summary • GLONASS is existing and developing system • GLONASS significance as an element of the national security issue recognized • Performance improvement is in schedule of Federal GLONASS Program • Both compatibility and interoperability of the existing and future systems is the strategic way ahead

29. Спасибо за внимание!