1 / 14

Organic Chemistry Ch. 18

Organic Chemistry Ch. 18. Organic Chemistry. Study of organic molecules: Hydrocarbons Alcohols Acids Vitamins Ethers Naming hydrocarbons Naming side groups Formation of polymers. Alkane. Saturated Hydrocarbons Maximum # of H atoms ; all single bonded carbon atoms

whitney-branch
Télécharger la présentation

Organic Chemistry Ch. 18

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Organic ChemistryCh. 18

  2. Organic Chemistry • Study of organic molecules: • Hydrocarbons • Alcohols • Acids • Vitamins • Ethers • Naming hydrocarbons • Naming side groups • Formation of polymers

  3. Alkane • Saturated Hydrocarbons • Maximum # of H atoms; all single bonded carbon atoms • Can exist as Chains or Rings • Longest chain of carbons is called the Parent Chain • Parent Chain tells you the base name • ALWAYS end in ANE • Rings always include “Cyclo”

  4. Properties of Alkanes • Alkanes vary in Parent Chain length and complexity • Longer Parent Chains= higher melting/boiling points • 1-4 carbons gases • 5-16 carbons liquids • +16 carbons solids • Rings burn more uniformly while chains tend to explode • Produce Structural Isomers • Same molecular formula but different structure and therefore different name

  5. Writing Compounds • Shorthand: Pentane CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 Shows number of Carbon/Hydrogen but no structure • Condensed: CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 • Structural Diagram:

  6. Naming Alkanes pentane • Simple Alkanes you follow base name; Side groups make things more complicated • Side group- any carbon chain, alcohol, ether, etc…attached to the parent chain • Rules: • Parent chain is longest number of carbons • Side groups must have the LOWEST position numbers possible • Alkane side groups end in “-yl” • Multiple side groups use Latin numbers; di, tri, etc… • Multiple side groups are alphabetical 2-methylbutane 2,2-dimethylpropane 4-ethyl-3-methylheptane

  7. Practice Naming Alkanes CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 nonane 3-ethylhexane cyclopropylcyclopentane 5-(1-methylpropyl)decane (2,2-dimethylpropyl) cycloheptane

  8. Alkenes • Unsaturated Hydrocarbons; missing H atoms due to double bonds • Can exist as Chains or Rings • Longest chain of carbons is called the Parent Chain (contains double bond) • Parent Chain tells you the base name • ALWAYS end in ENE • Rings always include “Cyclo” ethene 3-octene cyclodecene

  9. Naming Alkenes • Rules: • Double bond must have the lowest position number possible • Use di, tri, ect… plus “ene” when there are multiple double bonds • If double bond is a side group add “-yl” to ene • Rules for side groups still apply 2-methyl-3-heptene 3,3-dimethyl-1-hexene Draw: 2,2,5-trimethyl-3-nonene

  10. Properties of Alkenes Cis • Ethene gas is huge part of plastic production • Double bond produces Geometric Isomers • Double bond stops free rotation of atoms • Cis isomers Same side • Trans isomers Opposite side • Trans Alkenes have higher melting points than Cis Alkenes • Alkenes become Alkanes through Hydrogenation • Reacting with H2 gas Trans

  11. Practice Naming Alkenes 2-ethlyhexene trans-2-pentene cis-3-(1-methylethyl)-2-hexene cyclopentene

  12. Aromatic Hydrocarbons • 6 carbon Alkene ring • Benzene • Electrons shared equally in the ring; resistant to Hydrogenation • Give of distinct aromas: • Cinnamaldehyde 肉桂醛 • Cinnamon • Phenylethanol 苯乙醇 • Roses

  13. Alkynes propyne • Unsaturated Hydrocarbons • Contain triple bonded carbon atoms • Naming rules are the same for Alkenes • ALWAYS ends in YNE • The longer the Alkyne the higher the boiling/melting points • Made into Alkenes with Hydrogenation 5-ethyl-3-heptyne 5-cyclopropyl-1-hexyne

  14. Practice Naming Alkynes 5-methly-2-hexyne 4-methyl-1,5-octadiyne 5-ethyl-2-methyl-3-heptyne 2-methyl-3-hexyne

More Related