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TEETH

TEETH. Begin the process mechanical digestion (breaking the food down into smaller more manageable pieces) to assist in swallowing; chopping, tearing and grinding). TONGUE. plays the role of moving the food around the mouth

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TEETH

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  1. TEETH • Begin the process mechanical digestion (breaking the food down into smaller more manageable pieces) to assist in swallowing; • chopping, tearing and grinding)

  2. TONGUE • plays the role of moving the food around the mouth • papillae (upper surface of the tongue, house the taste buds that allow us to taste food)

  3. UVULA • hanging from the middle of the back edge of the soft palate which prevents food from entering the pharynx during swallowing

  4. SALIVA • clear liquid secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands and mucous glands of the mouth; • moistens the mouth and starts the digestion of starches; • assist in the chemical process of digestion

  5. BOLUS • round mass of food that has been chewed to the point of swallowing

  6. ESOPHAGUS • Tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach; • approximately 24 cm long; lined with circular and longitudinal muscles which work to move food down;

  7. PERISTALSIS • symmetrical contraction of muscles which propagates in a wave down the esophagus to help propel food through the digestive tract)

  8. STOMACH • Muscular J shaped organ in which food is temporarily stored while further chemical and mechanical digestion takes place; • walls are folded to allow distension; • lined by gastric glands which secrete gastric juices which aid in chemical digestion (HCl, salts, enzymes, water and mucous) stimulated by the presence of food; • mucous protects the surface of the stomach from the acidic gastric juice; • 3 layers of muscle that relax and contract to churn stomach contents

  9. CHYME • thick liquid of partially digested food mixed with gastric juices

  10. CARDIAC SPHINCTER • muscular valve at the junction of the esophagus and the stomach; • controls the backflow of stomach contents back into the esophagus

  11. PYLORIC SPHINCTER • (muscular valve at the lower end when closed helps keep the food in the stomach)

  12. SMALL INTESTINES

  13. DUODENUM (the first part of the small intestine; “C” shaped)

  14. JEJUNUM follows the duodenum, approximately 2.5m long, contains many more folds than the duodenum

  15. ILEUM 3m long, functions to absorb nutrients and to push undigested food into the large intestine

  16. VILLI (tiny finger like projections that increase the surface area)

  17. MICROVILLI (each villi is in turn covered with many fine brush like microvilli that further increase the surface area)

  18. LARGE INTESTINE • absorb nearly 90% of water from the alimentary canal; • contains anaerobic bacteria to help digest undigested material; • leftover material is referred to as feces which is pushed by muscular contractions into the rectum

  19. CECUM the cavity in which the large intestine begins and into which the ileum opens; "the appendix is an offshoot of the cecum

  20. APPENDIX finger like projection at the end of the cecum; no known function

  21. ACENDING, TRANSVERSE AND DESCENDING COLON ASCENDING COLON - part of the large intestine that ascends from the cecum to the transverse colon TRANSVERSE COLON - part of the large intestine that extends across the abdominal cavity and joins the ascending to the descending colon DESCENDING COLON - part of the large intestine that descends from the transverse colon

  22. RECTUM, ANAL CANAL AND ANUS RECTUM - the final part of the alimentary canal where waste is stored before being eliminated ANAL CANAL - the terminal part of the large intestine ANUS - the excretory opening at the end of the alimentary canal

  23. SALIVARY GLANDS PAROTID GLAND - the largest of the salivary glands located slightly below and in front of the 2 ears; a duct connects the gland to the oral cavity; produces the majority of saliva SUBLINGUAL GLAND - small salivary glands located under the tongue that secrete saliva directly into the mouth through a series of pores SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND -pair of glands located beneath the jaw which connect by a duct to the oral cavity;

  24. LIVER Located in the right upper quadrant just below the diaphragm Produces bile, an alkaline substance which aids in digestion of fats acting as an emulsifying agent (breaks fat down into smaller particles that are more readily absorbed); Some of the bile drains directly into the duodenum

  25. LIVER • Numerous function – detoxification, production of bile (aids in digestion of fats), store glycogen; break down RBC, • Only internal human organ capable of regeneration

  26. GALLBLADDER Stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver and releases it through the common bile duct to the duodenum. Humans can live without a gallbladder

  27. PANCREAS Glandular organ producing several important hormones, including insulin (use to move glucose from the blood into tissues) and glucagon (used to mobilize glucose from the tissues to the blood) Secretes pancreatic juice containing digestiveenzymes that pass to the small intestine.

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