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Understanding IPv6: Importance and Implications for Internet Growth

Explore the significance of IPv6 at the GOETEC Event on February 16, 2012, hosted by Martin Dunmore, Network Infrastructure Development Team Manager at Janet. This session covers the urgent need for IPv6 due to IPv4 address exhaustion and the growing demands of internet expansion. Learn about the fundamental differences between IPv4 and IPv6, the benefits of deploying IPv6, and its relevance to Janet's network infrastructure. Join us to understand why transitioning to IPv6 is crucial for the future of the internet.

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Understanding IPv6: Importance and Implications for Internet Growth

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  1. IPv6:What is it? Why does it matter?

    GOETEC Event Thursday 16th February 2012 Martin Dunmore Network Infrastructure Development Team Manager, Janet martin.dunmore@ja.net 1
  2. Agenda IPv4 Address Exhaustion and Internet Growth What is IPv6? Why Deploy IPv6? IPv6 and Janet What Now?
  3. IPv4 Address Exhaustion In February 2011, IANA distributed the final five /8s One to each RIR. Each RIR has a different amount of address space left APNIC has less than a single /8 RIPE has 3.7 /8s Different policies apply when an RIR reaches its last /8 Each ISP is only able to get one more, fixed-sized (i.e. not needs-based) allocation
  4. IP Addressing Hierarchy
  5. IPv4 Address Exhaustion IANA Exhaustion 03-Feb-11 Projected RIR Exhaustion APNIC 19-Apr-2011 RIPENCC 28-Jul-2012 ARIN 21-Jul-2013 LACNIC 29-Jan-2014 AFRINIC 28-Oct-2014
  6. IPv4 Address Exhaustion What about JANET IPv4 address space? Just started allocating out of 81.87.0.0/16 Could be the last allocation we get If there is a land-grab in the community, it may not last long
  7. Where are all the users coming from?
  8. But compare to penetration rates
  9. Internet Growth – Population Not enough IPv4 to feed the expansion of the Internet From here on, IPv6 deployment elsewhere in the world will grow Or everybody moves to massive NATs, which brings in other problems Problems for sites with no IPv6 deployment! If your external services only support IPv4, then the only devices that can communicate with you will be those with IPv4 addresses. To a growing proportion of the world using pure IPv6 devices, you will be invisible.
  10. Anticipated Growth – IPv4 vs. IPv6
  11. Is NAT the Answer? Carrier Grade NAT (CGN), RFC 6264 AKA Large-scale NAT (LSN) NAT444 Customer private → carrier private → public Internet Designed to aid v4-v6 transition, NOT to avoid v6 deployment Lots of drawbacks Double transition costs, not scalable, law enforcement So…no, IPv6 is the answer RFC 4864 may help convince NATers
  12. What is IPv6? The new version of the Internet Protocol, Internet Protocol version 6 The ‘legacy’ version is IPv4 IPv4 addressing contains 32 bits 4.3 billion endpoints IPv6 addressing contains 128 bits 3.4 x 1038 endpoints, that’s 340 ‘undecillion’ IPv4 and IPv6 are not compatible ‘on the wire’ IPv6 does not substitute IPv4 12
  13. IPv6 Timeline 2004: 1st MIPv6 RFC3775 1994: SIPP is chosen 1998: IPv6 RFC2460 1995: 1st IPv6 RFC1883 2003: DHCPv6 RFC3315 1991:ROAD First Studies 2006: 6Bone ends 2011: IANA exhausts /8s 1996: 6Bone 1991 2012 Janet IPv6 Experimental Service IPv6 in Janet SLA
  14. Header Format IPv4 Header Fields in red are removed for IPv6 IPv6 Header
  15. IPv6 Differences
  16. Some Useful Things to Know IPv6 addresses are represented by hexadecimal numbers. Example: 2001:DB8:12FF:1231:FFB5::F9DA/64. There is no Network Mask, only a Prefix Length. The IPv6 the header is always 40 bytes, any extensions are listed as a “next header”. In IPv6 there is no Broadcast, only Multicast. In IPv6 there is no ARP or IGMP, ICMPv6 replaces these. In IPv6 routers never fragment packets, only hosts do. Path MTU Discovery is mandatory.
  17. Transition Tools and Techniques Dual Stack Routers, servers, clients run both protocol versions Tunnelling (connecting IPv6 islands) Manual Broker 6to4 Teredo 6rd Translation (IPv4-only to IPv6-only) NAT64, DNS64 TRT Application Layer Gateway
  18. Why Deploy IPv6? Often quoted: There is no ‘killer app’ for IPv6 But how about… Open, free, sharing and learning via any-to-any connectivity, thus encouraging research and education? And… “Internet of things” consumer devices, IP in everything, any-to-any connections Vehicle based networks Vehicle-to-vehicle, Vehicle-to-road, Vehicle-to-Internet Telematics
  19. Why Deploy IPv6? Business Case? Not for revenue/income increase Not targeted for CAPEX/OPEX reduction But, for strategic benefits: Continuation of service and interoperability Support for new applications/services, future growth Better OPEX environment once IPv6 is in place e.g. reduced network admin costs IPv6 is being pushed by the UK Government and European Commission
  20. Why Deploy IPv6? Less expensive and less problematic to achieve IT staff familiarity with IPv6 in an organic way, via timely deployment, rather than wait until problems arise Without IPv6 deployment and training, IPv6 related security threats can bypass existing IPv4 mechanisms. IPv6 is already on your network! Lack of IPv6 deployment may result in stunted ICT growth Stifling learning in an environment that uses the Internet heavily for teaching and research!
  21. Janet IPv6 Deployment History 1997 Connection to the 6bone 1999 Received IPv6 prefix from RIPE NCC 2001:630::/32 2002 Participation in 6NET project Pan-European IPv6 network 2003 Experimental IPv6 service enabled 2007 IPv6 introduced into the JANET Service Level Agreement 21
  22. Where are we now? All the JANET backbone is dual-stack. Transit Mandatory part of the procurement GEANT Access to other R&E networks worldwide Commercial peerings London Internet Exchange, Private Peerings Regional Networks All connected dual-stack Must provide IPv6 to the campus entry on request
  23. What Janet Provides IPv6 Prefix Allocations Default is /48, equivalent to a /8 or ‘Class A’ in IPv4 Native IPv6 national network IPv6 routing IPv6 nameservers Tunnel broker service IPv6 Training Help and advice 23
  24. Getting IPv6 Addresses Same process as IPv4 … contact the JANET Registry Via the JANET Service Desk http://www.ja.net/services/connections/ip-address-application.html Receive a /48 (65,536 x /64 LANs) by default If you need more than that, you will have to tell us why!
  25. JANET Services Listed (clumsily) http://www.ja.net/services/service-listing.html Predominantly DNS, Mail, NTP Trying to get other services Videoconferencing would be a big one
  26. Typical (pre 8/6/11) IPv6 Usage on Janet Peak of around 30Mbit/s at a time when our overall external traffic is about 70Gbit/s,  or 0.04%. 26
  27. World IPv6 Day June 8th 2011 Major content providers published IPv6 addresses for their services Google, YouTube, Facebook, &c Measure the amounts of ‘broken’ connectivity
  28. Janet and World IPv6 Day Peak of over 220Mbit/s, 0.3% of total traffic 28
  29. Long-term effects?
  30. What Now? Prepare and plan Engage with all IT-related disciplines in your organisation Encourage technical staff to gain experience Training, experimentation Include IPv6 capability in all future ICT procurement Example procurement text on JANET website Enable public facing services E.g. website Enable internal services
  31. Deployment Strategy - Managerial
  32. Deployment Strategy - Technical
  33. Janet IPv6 Training IPv6 Fundamentals Course: http://www.ja.net/services/training/courses/ipv6.html Janet IPv6 Technical Guide: http://www.ja.net/documents/publications/technical-guides/ipv6-tech-guide-for-web.pdf Edlab Learning Objects http://www.ja.net/services/training/edlab.html 33
  34. Community Help and Advice IPv6 Deployment Workshop 7th December, Loughborough University http://www.ja.net/services/events/2011/ipv6/index.html IPv6 users list https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/webadmin?A0=ipv6-users JANET IPv6 Webpage http://www.ja.net/ipv6 Community IPv6 Website http://www.ipv6.ac.uk/
  35. Other Useful Sources 6Deploy website http://www.6deploy.org/ RIPE Act Now website http://www.ipv6actnow.org/ 6UK Website http://www.6uk.org/
  36. World IPv6 Launch 6th June 2012 Builds on World IPv6 Day last year Major ISPs and web companies to permanently enable IPv6 for their products and services by 6th June Akamai, AT&T, Comcast, Cisco, Facebook, Google, Microsoft, Yahoo and others Hopefully Janet connected sites will participate E.g. enable web servers and other public facing services See www.worldipv6launch.org for more info
  37. Summary / Key Messages IPv4 Addresses are running out globally IPv6 is the future proof answer, NAT isn’t! There are solid strategic reasons to deploy IPv6 Start deploying it – don’t ignore it! You probably already have IPv6 on your Network, e.g. Teredotunnels Useful to develop a deployment strategy IPv6 is well supported at the network and O/S level (mostly) Often more of a problem at the application level Plenty of information and help out there Maybe use World IPv6 Launch as a target E.g. enable your webservers for World IPv6 Launch
  38. Questions?
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