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An Introduction to the LHeC Large Hadron Electron Collider

An Introduction to the LHeC Large Hadron Electron Collider. Max Klein Novosibirsk 9/06/9. ep as a complement to pp and ee A summary of the project Remarks on the accelerator design studies. Visit of Karl Hubert Mess (CERN), Davide Tommassini (CERN) and Max Klein (U.Liverpool) to

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An Introduction to the LHeC Large Hadron Electron Collider

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  1. An Introduction to the LHeC Large Hadron Electron Collider Max Klein Novosibirsk 9/06/9 • ep as a complement to pp and ee • A summary of the project • Remarks on the accelerator design studies Visit of Karl Hubert Mess (CERN), Davide Tommassini (CERN) and Max Klein (U.Liverpool) to The Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Siberian Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk) klein@ifh.de M.Klein - BINP - 9/06/9

  2. HERA and ep/ee/pp M.Klein - BINP - 9/06/9

  3. Глубоко-неупругоеРассеяние HERA 1992-2007 rising sea huge glue hard diffraction quark radius < 7 10-18 m electroweak unification

  4. ZEUS quark+gluon densities in the proton photon-quark/gluon physics parton amplitudes multijets, … e and p fixed target experiments No neutron structure explored No nuclear structure explored In the accessed energy range: No SUSY No leptoquarks No extra dimensions HERA - the first ep collider H1 1000 physicists for 25 years developed the techniques of ep scattering at high energies, the accelerator, the collider experiments, the theory and analysis techniques. 800 PhD’s, 350 publications

  5. pp The Fermi Scale [1985-2010] b quark top quark MW, H? Tevatron ep e+e- The Standard Model Triumph MZ , sin2  3 neutrinos h.o. el.weak (t,H?) gluon h.o. strong c,b distributions high parton densities LEP/SLC HERA CKM - B factories

  6. pp W,Z,top Higgs?? New Particles?? New Symmetries? The TeV Scale [2010-2035..] LHC ep e+e- New Physics High Precision QCD High Density Matter Substructure?? eq-Spectroscopy?? ttbar Higgs?? Spectroscopy?? ILC/CLIC LHeC

  7. A Summary of the LHeC Project M.Klein - BINP - 9/06/9

  8. Scientific Advisory Committee Working Group Convenors Guido Altarelli (Rome) Sergio Bertolucci (CERN) Stan Brodsky (SLAC) Allen Caldwell -chair (MPI Munich) Swapan Chattopadhyay (Cockcroft) John Dainton (Liverpool) John Ellis (CERN) Jos Engelen (CERN) Joel Feltesse (Saclay) Lev Lipatov (St.Petersburg) Roland Garoby (CERN) Roland Horisberger (PSI) Young-Kee Kim (Fermilab) Aharon Levy (Tel Aviv) Karlheinz Meier (Heidelberg, ECFA) Richard Milner (Bates) Joachim Mnich (DESY) Steven Myers, (CERN) Guenter Rosner (Glasgow, NuPECC) Alexander Skrinsky (Novosibirsk) Anthony Thomas (Jlab) Steven Vigdor (BNL) Frank Wilczek (MIT) Ferdinand Willeke (BNL) Accelerator Design [RR and LR] Oliver Bruening (CERN), John Dainton (CI/Liverpool) Interaction Region and Fwd/Bwd Bernhard Holzer (DESY), Uwe Schneeekloth (DESY), Pierre van Mechelen (Antwerpen) Detector Design Peter Kostka (DESY), Rainer Wallny (UCLA), Alessandro Polini (Bologna) New Physics at Large Scales Emmanuelle Perez (CERN), Georg Weiglein (Durham) Precision QCD and Electroweak Olaf Behnke (DESY), Paolo Gambino (Torino), Thomas Gehrmann (Zuerich) Claire Gwenlan (Oxford) Physics at High Parton Densities Nestor Armesto (CERN), Brian Cole (Columbia), Paul Newman (Birmingham), Anna Stasto (MSU) Max Klein, University of Liverpool Novosibirsk, BINP, 9.06.2009 The Large Hadron Electron Collider Project 1990: LEP*LHC (Aachen Workshop) 2001: THERA (TESLA TDR) 2005: LHeC: * DIS, Madison 2006: 1033cm-2s-1: 2006 JINST 1 10001 2007 CERN Council and [r]ECFA 2008 Divonne I, NuPECC, ICFA,ECFA 2009 Divonne II (1.-3.9.), ECFA 11/09  2010: Conceptual Design Report http://www.lhec.org.uk Steering Committee Oliver Bruening (CERN) John Dainton (Cockcroft) Albert DeRoeck (CERN) Stefano Forte (Milano) Max Klein - chair (Liverpool) Paul Newman (Birmingham) Emmanuelle Perez (CERN) Wesley Smith (Wisconsin) Bernd Surrow (MIT) Katsuo Tokushuku (KEK) Urs Wiedemann (CERN)) M.Klein - BINP - 9/06/9

  9. Ring – Ring Design tentative SPL Subject to LHC, power, tuneshifts etc. – 100 times HERA luminosity M.Klein - BINP - 9/06/9

  10. LINAC-Ring Design - tentative LHeC Based on sLHC. e+ ? , w/o energy recovery M.Klein - BINP - 9/06/9 F. Zimmermann ECFA11/08

  11. 2uv+dv c b s sbar 1. Unfolding Proton Structure – DIS, complete for the first time + parton dynamics photon structure neutron structure .. Instantons Odderons Multiquark exotica Intrinsic heavy flavour Single t, tbar factory O(10)pb M.Klein - BINP - 9/06/9

  12. 2. Exploration of High (“swerch”) Scales– High Precision in ep GUT/SUSY unification? effective couplings? resolving CI type observations at the LHC … access to much higher scales with precision DIS challenge to NkLO QCD LHeC freezes the pdfs to allow new physics to be revealed. HERA+BCDMS reshuffle the sea… ED similar study M.Klein - BINP - 9/06/9

  13. SM Higgs MSSM Higgs WWHbbar 3. Complementing the LHC – Higgs and gluon (for example) Bgd study ongoing, B tagging promising clean(er) environment huge range in Q2 access to large x, high mass region B tagging mandatory. M.Klein - BINP - 9/06/9

  14. 4. New Physics in the eq Sector – unique eq as compared to qq ?LQ, RPV SUSY Spectroscopy ?Excited fermions M.Klein - BINP - 9/06/9

  15. 5. Parton Saturation – low x beyond the unitarity limit in DIS ep Diffractive B,W,Z,H? Forward jets, VMs.. Saturation from precision F2 and FL M.Klein - BINP - 9/06/9

  16. 6. Partonic Structure of Nuclei – new phase of matter Nuclear parton distributions xg ~ A1/3 black disc limit (F2~ln(1/x)) 50% diffraction.. A must to understand AA Gluon “a desaster” (NA) M.Klein - BINP - 9/06/9

  17. Things may evolve differently than we think, but one can rely on the ingenuity of our theory colleagues to deal with the unexpected. Design a maximum energy, high luminosity, affordable collider Surprises and Theory Tbilissi 76 S.Adler, arXiv:hep-th/9610104 M.Klein - BINP - 9/06/9

  18. CDR M.Klein - BINP - 9/06/9

  19. IR for simultaneous pp and ep operation Organisation Accelerator Design Concepts Bypass around ATLAS+CMS Contact persons for workpackages [BE-ABP, RF, BT, VAC, PO] O.Bruening, B.Holzer, E.Chiapola, H.Burkhardt,B.Goddard, W.Herr, F.Zimmermann M.Jimmenez, KH.Mess, D.Tommasini, F.Bordry,G.Hofstatter, L.Rinolfi, D.Schulte. Collaboration: Novosibirsk, EPFL Lausanne, SLAC , CI, DESY, BNL, Cornell M.Klein - BINP - 9/06/9

  20. L1 P.Kostka, A.Polini, R.Wallny • Tentative design: full coverage, high precision, no material… • - modular for installation (CMS), dimensions determined by beam pipe-IR-synchr. rad. : to be simulated • - focusing magnets nearer to IR for high Q2, high luminosity (instrumented?) • variation of beam energies to access low Q2 and large x at “medium” Q2 ~ 20000 GeV2 • - contacts to ILC (4th concept: coil? ALIROOT) and ATLAS/CMS detector developments M.Klein - BINP - 9/06/9

  21. SLAC 69: 2m LINAC: a “bold extrapolation of existing technology” to “collect data which may be of future use…” Deep Inelastic Scattering Involves many gifted and enthusiastic colleagues in thy, exp and acc, Supported by ECFA, CERN, NuPECC. 50 000 times Q2 possibly with 5 times the accelerator length.. In one year we hope to know how to build the ep/eA collider complement of the LHC, and we will start to look into the TeV scale physics with pp. The CDR should help shaping our future. www.lhec.org.uk, EPAC08, .. also for proper referencing of work presented above. M.Klein - BINP - 9/06/9

  22. Accelerator Design Studies M.Klein - BINP - 9/06/9

  23. New physics expected at (multi??) TeV scale. Low x=Q2 /sx, s=4EeEp • highest possible Ee and Ep1 TeV with 50GeV on 5000 GeV • New physics is rare [ep (Higgs) = O(100)fb] , rate at high Q2 , large x • L has to exceed 1032 and preferentially reaches 1033 and beyond • New states, DVCS, electroweak physics • Need electrons and positrons and high lepton beam polarisation • Neutron structure terra incognita • Deuterons • Partonic Structure of Nuclei • a series of nuclei, Ca, Pb Machine Requirements

  24. generalities simultaneous ep and pp power limit set to 100MW IR at 2 or 8 p/A: SLHC - high intensity p (LPA/50ns or ESP/25ns) Ions: via PS2 new source for deuterons e Ring: bypasses: 1 and 5 [use also for rf] injector: SPL, or dedicated e LINAC: limited to ~6km (Rhone) for IP2, longer for IP8 CLIC/ILC tunnel.? Machine Considerations and Studieshigh Ee,p,A, e polarised, high Luminosity RR LR

  25. CERN power consumption Myers limit of 100 MW *2000 h/a 200 GWh, less P is desirable M.Klein - BINP - 9/06/9

  26. A lattice F.Willeke, CERN Seminar, June 14th, 2006 M.Klein - BINP - 9/06/9

  27. A lattice F.Willeke, CERN Seminar, June 14th, 2006 M.Klein - BINP - 9/06/9

  28. A lattice F.Willeke, CERN Seminar, June 14th, 2006 -- cf also J.Jowett and B.Holzer/A.Kling Divonne 9/2008 M.Klein - BINP - 9/06/9

  29. Mount e on top of p - feasible at first sight needs further, detailed study of pathway Installation: 1-2 years during LHC shutdowns. LEP installation was ~1 year into empty tunnel. Radiation load of LHC pp will be studied. Injection: LEP2 was 4 1011 e in 4 bunches LHeC is 1.4 1010 in 2800 bunches may inject at less than 20 GeV. Power for 70 (50) GeV Ee fits into bypasses: SC system at 1.9o K (1 GHz) r.f. coupler to cavity: 500 kW CW - R+D 9 MV/cavity. 100(28) cavities for 900(250)MV cavity: beam line of 150 (42) m klystrons 100 (28) at 500kW plus 90 m racks .. gallery of 540 (150) m length required. e Ring Further Considerations T.Linnecar

  30. Bypass through survey gallery 13m distance, 2 shafts Bypasspoint 5 Lattice study H.Burkhardt 2 tunnels for ring and shielded rf Bypass independent of IR ~30m distance, 1 shaft Tunnel connection (CNGS, DESY) S.Myers, J.Osborne

  31. Interaction Region Design builds on F.Willeke et al, 2006 JINST 1 P10001 design for 70 GeV on 7000 GeV, 1033 and simultaneous ep and pp operation B.Holzer, A.Kling, et al Divonne 08

  32. Luminosity: Ring-Ring 1033 can be reached in RR Ee = 40-80 GeV & P = 5-60 MW. HERA was 1-5 1031 cm-2 s-1 Gain O(100) with LHC p beam Integrated luminosities of O(50)fb-1 likely klystron installation limit Synchrotron rad! 1033

  33. Luminosity safely 1033cm-2s-1 HERA was 1-5 1031 Table values are for 14MW synrad loss (beam power) and 50 GeV on 7000 GeV. May have 50 MW and energies up to about 70 GeV. LHC upgrade: Np increased. Need to keep e tune shift low: by increasing p, decreasing e but enlarging e emittance, to keep e and p matched. LHeC profits from LHC upgrade but not proportional to Np Ring-Ring Parameters B.Holzer

  34. e injector from SPL to Point 2 via TI2 Alternative injectors considered too (cf H. Burkhard, DIS08, Proceedings) PS2 SPL LINAC4

  35. SPL as e injector/linac to Point 2 via TI2 tunnel here with new re-circulating loop (r ~20m, l~ 400 m), use of service tunnel or dogbone to be studied … 20 GeV for SPL see CERN-AB-2008-061 PAF. R.Garoby et al. Drawing by TS CERN

  36. Pulsed CW proton parameters: LPA upgrade sLHC: Nb=5x1011, 50 ns spacing, ge=3.75 mm, b*=0.1 m, sz=11.8 cm F.Zimmermann, S. Chattopadhyay

  37. SLHC - LPA cf. R.Garoby EPS07, J.Koutchouk et al PAC07 M.Tigner, B.Wiik, F.Willeke, Acc.Conf, SanFr.(1991) 2910 Luminosity: Linac-Ring • LINAC is not physics limited in energy, • but by its cost/length + power • 1032 are in reach at large Ee. LINAC - no periodic loss+refill, ~twice as efficient as ring… • Note: positron source challenge: • LHeC 1032 needs few times 1014 /sec

  38. A LINAC Design-Site 100 GeV e LINAC with recirculator. ILC/CLIC tunnel much deeper CLIC cavities don’t fit to LHC CW LINAC longer: energy recovery ERL: may get some gain. [Tigner 1965, Jlab, Cornell, …] Drawing by TS CERN

  39. Tasks on the Machine for the CDR - incomplete • Infrastructure (Interaction Region, SPL/TI2, LINAC site) • IR for ring and for LINAC and its interface with LHC, e beam and the detector • Optics and lattice designs (high luminosity and small angle acceptance) • Identification of R+D projects for LHeC (active magnets?, rf Coupler, …) • LINAC: is ER feasible for a 100 GeV beam or is the LR limited to 1032 ? • what is the luminosity in e+ ? • Ring: magnet design for ring on top of the LHC • installation: pathway and radiation • injector (SPL and its possible use for an initial eA phase)

  40. Muon chambers (fwd,bwd,central) Coil (r=3m l=8.5m, 2T) [Return Fe not drawn, 2 coils w/o return Fe studied] Central Detector Hadronic Calo(Fe/LAr) El.magn. Calo(Pb,Sc) GOSSIP (fwd+central) [Gas on Slimmed Si Pixels] [0.6m radius for 0.05% * pt in 2T field] Pixels Elliptic beam pipe (~3cm) Fwd Spectrometer (down to 1o) Tracker Calice(W/Si) FwdHadrCalo Bwd Spectrometer (down to 179o) Tracker Spacal (elm, hadr) L1 Detector: version for low x Physics To be extended further in fwd direction. Tag p,n,d. Also e, (bwd)

  41. Low x Detector – rz view

  42. High Q2 Detector – rz view

  43. Muon chambers (fwd,bwd,central) Coil (r=3m l=8.5m, 2T) Central Detector Hadronic Calo (Fe/LAr) El.magn. Calo (Pb,Sc) GOSSIP (fwd+central) Pixels Elliptic pipe (~3cm) Fwd Calorimeter (down to 10o) Lepton low  magnets FwdHadrCalo Bwd Spectrometer (down to 170o) Lepton low  magnets Spacal (elm, hadr) L1 Detector: version for hiQ2 Physics Active magnets? T.Greenshaw et al.

  44. Summary LHeC Conceptual Design being prepared as CERN-ECFA-NuPECC Activity [2007-10] CDR to include: Acc, IR, Infrastructure, Detector, Physics Programme Aim: TeV cms energy eq collider design with maximum luminosity as an upgrade to the LHC and a complement to pp and ee (or μμ?) TeV scale colliders, with a built in eA phase and the aim to simultaneously run pp and ep by 2020+ Two options for CDR: RING-RING: 50-80 GeV, 1033, ring to be installed on top of LHC, bypasses LINAC-RING: 50-150 GeV, 1032 (w/o energy recovery), a new design, ILC cavities Time schedule: CDR: Divonne 1-3.9.2009, ECFA November 2009, DIS 4/2010 Florence  CDR in 2010 Cпacибо M.Klein - BINP - 9/06/9

  45. References for Ring Design LEP J. Dainton et al (F.Willeke) 2006 JINST 1 10001 F. Willeke, Accelerator Seminar at CERN, 14/06/2006 H.Burkhardt, Talk and Proceedings at DIS08, London, April 2008 [injector, bypass] Talks at Divonne 9/2008 (T.Linnecar rf, B.Holzer/A.Kling e optics, J.Jowett lattice, ..) EPAC08 J.Dainton, H.Burkhardt, F.Zimmermann, 3 papers submitted, Genua, May 2008 PAC09 F.Zimmermann et al., Talk and Paper submitted, Vancouver, May 2009 Mostly availabe on the LHeC website http://www.lhec.org.uk M.Klein - BINP - 9/06/9

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