Dr. Jean Watson

1. Dr. Jean Watson The Power of Caring: The Power to Make a Difference NURS1960-A Anna Ionadi Amanda Wallace Shannon MacFarlane Sheldon Hubert Tawnya Werb

2. “Maybe this one moment, with this one person, is the very reason we’re here on Earth at this time.” - Jean Watson, The Caring Moment Dr. Jean Watson at a glance …

3. Dr. Jean Watson at a glance… Education * Dr. Watson was born and raised in a small town in the Appalachian Mountains of West Virginia in the 1940’s 1958-61 R.N. Diploma in Nursing Lewis-Gale School of Nursing 1962-64 B.S. in Nursing University of Colorado 1964-66 M.S. in Psychiatric Mental-Health Nursing; Minor Psychology University of Colorado 1969-70 Graduate Work: Social and Clinical Psychology University of Colorado, 1969-73 Ph.D. in Educational Psychology and Counseling University of Colorado

4. Dr. Jean Watson at a glance… Accomplishments • Recipient of several awards and honours including: • International Kellogg Fellowship in Australia • Fulbright Research Award in Sweden • Six Honorary Doctoral Degrees • Including 3 International Honorary Doctorates (Sweden, UK, Canada) • 1993 National League for Nursing Martha E. Rogers Award • Recognizes a nurse scholar who has made significant contributions to nursing knowledge that advances the science of caring in nursing and health sciences • Distinguished Nurse Scholar, recognized by New York University • Norman Cousins Award in 1999, • Recognition for her commitment to developing; maintaining and exemplifying relationship-centered care practices • Founder of the Centre for Human Caring in Colorado • Is a Fellow at the American Academy of Nursing

5. Dr. Jean Watson at a glance… Influences • Eastern Philosophy: focuses on a holistic approach, looking at the body as a whole unit, not a sum of parts • “is based on a metaphysical, spiritual-existential • and phenomenological orientation.” • - Fawcett, 1993 • This links to earlier nursing theorists, including: • Nightingale, Leininger, Paterson & Zderad • Psychology theorists who influenced her theory of caring: • Hans Selye, Richard Lazarus and Carl Rogers

6. “The goal of nursing is to help a person gain a higher degree of harmony with the mind, body and soul.” - Jean Watson, Nursing as Human Science and Human Care Dr. Jean Watson’s theory of caring …

7. Dr. Jean Watson’stheory Watson’s Concern • To make known: • Inner healing process • Experiencing the person • Three major elements of her theory: • Ten Carative Factors • The Caring Occasion / The Caring Moment • Transpersonal Caring

8. Dr. Jean Watson’stheory Assumptions about Caring • Effective caring promotes health and individual and family growth • Caring responses accept a person as is and looks beyond to what that person may become • A caring environment offers the development of potential • Caring is as equally important as curing • The practice of caring is central to nursing

9. In today’s dissertation, our three candidates will discuss their position of Jean Watson’s nursing theory, inclusive of: The Four Metaparadigms Concepts:Person, Health, Environment and Nursing The Caring Occasion & The Caring Moment Transpersonal Caring In the end, we will take a brief look at Watson’s third theory, the carative factors, in attempt to analyze this theory in practice.

10. Sheldon Hubert On Jean Watson’s Theory of Caringand the Metaparadigm Concepts

11. Anna Ionadi On Jean Watson’s Theory of Caringand the Caring Occasion & Caring Moment

12. Amanda Wallace On Jean Watson’s Theory of Caringand Transpersonal Caring

13. Dr. Jean Watson’stheory Carative Factors • Caritas comes from the Latin word meaning to cherish, to appreciate, to give special attention. • Invites nurse to explore the intersection between personal and professional The Ten Carative Factors: • Humanistic-altruistic system of values • Faith-hope • Sensitivity to self and to others • Helping-trusting, human care relationships • Expressing positive and negative feelings • Creative problem solving caring processes • Transpersonal teaching-learning • Supportive, protective and or corrective mental, physical, societal and spiritual environment • Human needs assistance • Existential-phenomenological-spiritual forces

14. Dr. Jean Watson’stheory Carative Factors Consider the situation: Mrs. Smith, a 78 year old widow, is experiencing acute onset of severe back pain She feels panicky, depressed and confused about her ability to now manage her life Using the basis of the 10 carative factors, what would a Watson nurse do?

15. Dr. Jean Watson’stheory Carative Factors Research Article: Caring for Older Adults: Practice Guided by Watson’s Caring-Healing Model The nurse develops a sense of hope (factor 2) and trust (factor 4) through genuine caring, listening and responding to the unique seriousness of Mrs. Smith’s experience (factor 1) Acknowledgement of Mrs. Smith’s expression of disharmony (factor 5) between her usual perceived self and this encounter The nurse, along with family, other health professionals and community services can help Mrs. Smith meet her basic needs (factor 9) of pain management, arrangements for check ups, support with ADL’s and reconnecting with old friends. (Bernick, 2004)

16. Dr. Jean Watson’stheory Carative Factors Within the caring-healing model, the approach included one that attended to the interconnectiveness between Mrs. Smith’s mind-body-soul as influenced by her personal experience Mrs. Smith’s pain was better controlled, she was able to control her fears of her life management, and was able to reintegrate her life with others and feel supported (Bernick, 2004)

17. Dr. Jean Watson’stheory Carative Factors Benefits: Transferable to current practice environments, meaning of health through the patient’s perspective, considers the complexity of each individual experience Limitations: Time

18. Purposeful To be intentional To pause and slow down Mindful Grounded on firm surface while Feeling the breeze and warm sun Presence In a world of one Shared with another Organized Creativity, context and knowledge Primacy being care Central to all Reverence and respect Connecting Listening Being understood Caring Supporting Healing (Bernick, 2004)

19. References Bernick, L. (2004). Caring for older adults: practice guided by Watson’s caring-healing model. Nursing Science Quarterly, 17(2), 128-134.