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Jean Watson

Jean Watson. The Philosophy and Science of Caring In Nursing Dana Galloway, RN ?? Bianca Blanco, RN, BSN. Watson’s Theory of Transpersonal and Human Caring. Designed to provide a philosophical and moral/ethical foundation for professional nursing

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Jean Watson

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  1. Jean Watson The Philosophy and Science of Caring In Nursing Dana Galloway, RN ?? Bianca Blanco, RN, BSN

  2. Watson’s Theory of Transpersonal and Human Caring • Designed to provide a philosophical and moral/ethical foundation for professional nursing • Is a central part of the focus for nursing as a discipline

  3. Watson’s Theory of Transpersonal and Human Caring • If caring is considered core to nursing then nurses will have to make a conscious effort to preserve human caring in their clinical, administrative, educational and research practice. http://www.watsoncaringscience.org/j_watson/theory.html

  4. CARING Caring is a conscious judgment that manifests itself in concrete acts, interpersonally, verbally and nonverbally (Gallagher-Lepak, 171)

  5. CARING • Is a unique contribution nursing brings to the health care community • Is not a commodity to be bought and sold • Is an ethical agreement that nursing has with the public to sustain in instances where it may be threatened • Practitioners and patients alike require it

  6. PREVIOUS THEORISTS • Peplau 1952-Theory of Interpersonal Relations • Abdellah 1960 – Theory of delivering nursing care for the whole person • Rogers 1970 – Theory of Unitary Human Being

  7. Watson’s Theory • Humanistic View – Emphasizes a person’s capacity for self actualization, self growth and self healing • Existential View – Focused on the condition of human existence and the individual’s emotions, actions, responsibilities and thoughts on the meaning of purpose of life

  8. Watson’s Theory is Composed of: • CarativeFactors/ Clinical Caritas Processes • The Transpersonal Caring Relationship • Caring Occasion/ Caring Moment • “Caritas” – originates from the Greek vocabulary meaning to cherish and to give special loving attention

  9. Carative Factors • Developed in 1979 and revised in 1985 and 1988 • Guide the core of nursing • Carative vs. Curative • “Honor the human dimensions of nursing’s work and the inner life world and subjective experience’s of the people we serve” (Watson, 1997,p.50) • One of the few theories that addresses the care receiver and the care giver

  10. Ten Carative Factors • Humanistic-altruistic system of value. • Faith-Hope. • Sensitivity to self and others. • Helping-trusting, human care relationship. • Expressing positive and negative feelings. • Creative problem-solving caring process. • Transpersonal teaching-learning. • Supportive, protective, and/or corrective mental, physical, societal, and spiritual environment. • Human needs assistance. • Existential-phenomenological-spiritual forces.

  11. The Carative Factors spiritually evolved into the concept of Clinical Caritas Processes in 2001

  12. Clinical Caritas Processes • Practice of loving kindness and equanimity within context of caring consciousness. • Being authentically present, and enabling and sustaining the deep belief system and subjective life world of self and the one-being-cared-for. • Cultivation of one’s own spiritual practices and transpersonal self, going beyond ego self, opening to others with sensitivity and compassion

  13. Clinical Caritas Processes cont. • Developing and sustaining a helping-trusting, authentic caring relationship. • Being present to, and supportive of, the expression of positive and negative feelings as a connection with deeper spirit of self and the one-being-cared-for.

  14. Clinical Caritas Processes cont. • Creative use of self and all ways of knowing as part of the caring process; to engage in artistry of caring-healing practices. • Engaging in genuine teaching-learning experience that attends to unity of being and meaning, attempting to stay within others’ frames of reference. • Creating healing environment at all levels (physical as well as non-physical), subtle environment of energy and consciousness, whereby wholeness, beauty, comfort, dignity, and peace are potentiated.

  15. Clinical Caritas Processes cont. • Assisting with basic needs, with an intentional caring consciousness, administering “human care essentials,” which potentiate alignment of mindbodyspirit, wholeness, and unity of being in all aspects of care; tending to both the embodied spirit and evolving spiritual emergence. • Opening and attending to spiritual-mysterious and existential dimensions of one’s own lifedeath; soul care for self and the one-being-cared-for. (Watson, 2001, p. 347)

  16. Transpersonal Caring Relationship • The caring relationship depends on: • The nurse’s moral commitment in guarding and enriching human dignity • Preserving the spirit of the other and not reducing the person into an object • The nurse’s caring consciousness and intentional connection within the patient’s space and time and moment • Highlights the uniqueness of each individual

  17. Caring OccasionCaring Moment • Transcendence into the patient’s moment to come together where caring is created • An exchange of energy in the moment • Both parties can be influenced by the moment • ‘Allows the spirit of both- then the event of the moment expands the limits of openness and has the ability to expand human capabilities” (Watson, 1999, P. 116-117)

  18. Use in Practice • Many Nursing Programs have adopted Watson’s Theory as their foundation of nursing education • Many hospitals have adopted Watson’s Theory as core qualities of their institution and correlated increased patient outcomes • EBP articles have used Watson’s Theory to improve outcomes in patients with kidney disease, cancer and depression and hypertension

  19. Further Reading • http://www.watsoncaringscience.org/j_watson/articles.html • The effectiveness of Watson's Caring Model on the quality of life and blood pressure of patients with hypertension. J AdvNurs. 2003 Jan;41(2):130-9. • Martin, L. S. (1991). Using Watson’s theory to explore the dimensions of adult polycystic kidney disease . ANNA Journal, 18, 403-406 . • Mullaney, J. A. B. (2000). The lived experience of using Watson’s actual caring occasions to treat depressed women . Journal of Holistic Nursing, 18(2), 129-142

  20. References • http://www.watsoncaringscience.org/caring_science/theory.html • http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/Watson.html • Fawcett, J. 2002. The Nurse Theorist: 21st-Century Updates – Jean Watson. Nursing Science Quarterly, 15(3), p214-219. • Gallagher-Lepak, S. (2009). Transpersonal Caring. A Nursing Guideline. Holistic Nursing Practice, 171-182. • Watson, J (1997). The theory of human caring: Retrospective and prospective. Nursing Science Quarterly, 10(1), p 49-52. • Watson, J. (1999). Postmodern nursing and beyond. Toronto, Canada: Churchill Livingstone • Watson, J. (2001). Jean Watson: Theory of human caring. In M.E. Parker(Ed). Nursing theories and nursing practice(p343-354). Philidelphia, PA: Davis • Watson, J. (2009). CARING SCIENCE AND HUMAN CARING. Journal of Health and Human Services Administration, 466-485.

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