01 / 84從實證到臨床應用 From Evidence-Based Medicine to Knowledge Translation
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從實證到臨床應用 From Evidence-Based Medicine to Knowledge Translation
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注意到>接受>可行>有能力做>開始做>認同>養成習慣注意到>接受>可行>有能力做>開始做>認同>養成習慣 Unsound Research Aware Accepted Applicable Able Acted on Agreed Adhered to Sound Research Systems Summaries Synopses Syntheses Studies Modify from “Straus et al.: Evidence-based medicine, Elsevier Ltd., 2005”, Brian Haynes, R Evid Based Med 2006;11:162-164 實證醫學之知識轉譯地圖 7A 5S
Knowledge Translation in Health Care: Moving from Evidence to Practice Sharon Straus Knowledge Translation in Health Care: Moving from Evidence to Practice. Sharon Straus (Editor), Jacqueline Tetroe (Editor), Ian D. Graham (Editor) ISBN: 978-1-4051-8106-8 May 2009, Wiley-Blackwell
II: KT - 知識轉譯 (knowledge translation, KT) 什麼是知識轉譯?What is Knowledge Translation: • 知識轉譯是一個包含對知識的合成,傳播,交換,以及符合倫理的應用動態流程;用以增進人民健康,提供有效的健康照護以及產能,進一步強化整個健康體系. • "Knowledge translation (KT) is defined as a dynamic and iterative process that includes synthesis, dissemination, exchange and ethically-sound application of knowledge to improve the health of Canadians, provide more effective health services and products, and strengthen the health care system." Canadian Institutes of Health Research Sharon E. Straus, Jacqueline Tetroe and Ian D. Graham. Knowledge Translation in Health Care: Moving from Evidence to Practice. 2009, ISBN: 978-1-405-18106-8
建構實證應用管道 II: KT - 知識轉譯 (knowledge translation, KT) [1] Balas EA, Boren S. Managing clinical knowledge for health care improvement. In: Bemmel J, McCray A, editors. Yearbook of Medical Informatics 2000: Patient-Centered Systems. Stuttgart, Germany: Schattauer VerlagsgesellschaftmbH, 2000:65-70. 根據Balas and Boren 2000年的文獻指出,需要花費17年的時間,才只有14%的原始研究(original research)最後被實際應用於病人身上[1],由此反映出有眾多的研究在實務應用時,存在著實際的障礙。
如何實踐知識轉譯?How Knowledge Translation is Done: • K(knowledge):創造知識 Creating Knowledge • T(translation):應用知識 Applying Knowledge K T Sharon E. Straus, Jacqueline Tetroe and Ian D. Graham. Knowledge Translation in Health Care: Moving from Evidence to Practice. 2009, ISBN: 978-1-405-18106-8
知識漏斗The "Knowledge Funnel" • 1st G. Knowledge Inquiry 知識查詢 • 2nd G. Knowledge Synthesis 知識合成 • 3rd G. Knowledge Tools/Products 知識工具 • Clinical Practice Guidelines 臨床指引 • Patients Decision Aids 決策輔助工具 Sharon E. Straus, Jacqueline Tetroe and Ian D. Graham. Knowledge Translation in Health Care: Moving from Evidence to Practice. 2009, ISBN: 978-1-405-18106-8
行動循環的7期The 7 Phases of the Action Cycle Sharon E. Straus, Jacqueline Tetroe and Ian D. Graham. Knowledge Translation in Health Care: Moving from Evidence to Practice. 2009, ISBN: 978-1-405-18106-8 • 1.找出知識與行動的差異 • Identifying the Knowledge-To-Action Gaps • 2.轉化知識到當地環境 • Adapting Knowledge to Local Context • 3.評估應用知識時的阻力或助力 • Assessing Barriers/Facilitators to Knowledge Use • 4.選擇,修正,實施介入方式 • Selecting, Tailoring, Implementing Interventions
The 7 Phases of the Action Cycle (continue) Sharon E. Straus, Jacqueline Tetroe and Ian D. Graham. Knowledge Translation in Health Care: Moving from Evidence to Practice. 2009, ISBN: 978-1-405-18106-8 • 5.監督知識應用 • Monitoring Knowledge Use • 6.評估結果 • Evaluating Outcomes • 7.持續應用知識 • Sustaining Knowledge Use • Theories and Models: Quality Improvement theory
證據管道(evidence pipeline) • Glasziou教授稱這個應用模式為證據管道(evidence pipeline),由左邊的實證資料庫進入到右側的應用端,主要有7個應用階段,分別為 • 注意到(aware)、 • 接受(accepted)、 • 可行(applicable)、 • 有能力做(able)、 • 開始做(acted on)、 • 認同(agreed)及 • 養成習慣(adhered to)[4]。 [4] Glasziou P, Haynes B. The paths from research to improved health outcomes. ACP Journal Club 2005;142(2):A8-10.
實證應用進展的流程,是Glasziou參考Pathman在1996年所提出模型改造而成。Pathman從證據到行動包含4個階段:實證應用進展的流程,是Glasziou參考Pathman在1996年所提出模型改造而成。Pathman從證據到行動包含4個階段: • 臨床工作人員首先需要有注意到新的研究建議(awareness),而且 • 認同該建議(agreement),接著 • 採用(adoption),到最後 • 養成習慣(adherence)[5]。 [5] Pathman DE, Konrad TR, Freed GL, Freeman VA, Koch GG. The Awareness-to-Adherence Model of the Steps to Clinical Guideline Compliance: The Case of Pediatric Vaccine Recommendations. Medical Care 1996;34(9):873-89.
Causes of deviations from guidelines Fürthauer J, Flamm M, Sönnichsen A. Patient and physician related factors of adherence to evidence based guidelines in diabetes mellitus type 2, cardiovascular disease and prevention: a cross sectional study. BMC Fam Pract. 2013 Apr 4;14(1):47.
2005年考科藍文獻回顧資料庫(Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,CDSR)即指出對於要做電腦斷層的病人在打顯影劑時,首先需要考量病人的腎功能是否正常[9]。 [9] Zacharias M GI, Herbison GP, Sivalingam P, Walker RJ. Interventions for protecting renal function in the perioperative period. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;20(3):CD003590.
CDSR There is no evidence that using tap water to cleanse acute wounds in adults increases infection and some evidence that it reduces it. However there is not strong evidence that cleansing wounds per se increases healing or reduces infection. In the absence of potable tap water, boiled and cooled water as well as distilled water can be used as wound cleansing agents. Water for wound cleansing Ritin Fernandez1 Published Online: 15 FEB 2012 台北醫學大學 市立萬芳醫院 實證醫學中心
U burn 會延緩燙傷癒合 The use of silver sulphadiazine (SSD) as a comparator on burn wounds for the full duration of treatment needs to be reconsidered, as a number of studies showed delays in time to wound healing and increased number of dressing applications in patients treated with SSD dressings. Wasiak J, Cleland H, Campbell F. Dressings for superficial and partial thickness burns. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Oct 8;(4):CD002106. 台北醫學大學 市立萬芳醫院 實證醫學中心
前列腺手術 (data suggest that there is little learning before 250 procedures) Andrew J Vickers, Caroline J Savage...The surgical learning curve for laparoscopic compared to open radical prostatectomy: a retrospective cohort study Lancet Oncol. 2009 May ; 10(5): 475–480.
經蝶骨手術(Transsphenoidal surgery) Ciric I, Ragin A, Baumgartner C, Pierce D. Complications of transsphenoidal surgery: results of a national survey, review of the literature, and personal experience. Neurosurgery. 1997 Feb;40(2):225-36; discussion 236-7.