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Phas e Cha nges

This guide explores the various phase changes that matter undergoes, including melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, sublimation, and deposition. Discover the critical points at which these changes occur, like the melting/freezing point and boiling point. It also delves into the energy required for these transformations, termed heat of fusion and heat of vaporization, along with calculations for determining energy needs in specific examples involving water. Learn how temperature changes affect different states of matter and overcome these transitions.

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Phas e Cha nges

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  1. Phase Changes

  2. Liquid Solid Gas Solid to Liquid Melting

  3. Liquid Solid Gas Liquid to Solid Freezing

  4. Liquid Solid Gas Melting & Freezing These changes happen at the: Melting/Freezing Point

  5. Liquid Solid Gas Liquid to Gas Vaporization

  6. Vaporization Types • Two TYPES: • Evaporation: - Happens only at the surface of the liquid • Boiling: – Happens throughout the liquid

  7. Liquid Solid Gas Gas to Liquid Condensation

  8. Condensation & Vaporization Liquid These changes happen at the: Boiling Point Solid Gas

  9. Liquid Solid Gas Solid to Gas Sublimation

  10. Liquid Solid Gas Gas to Solid Deposition

  11. Gas/ Liquid 140 120 100 80 Liquid/Solid 60 BP 40 20 M/F 0 -20 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Change of State (H2O) Solid Gas Liquid

  12. Heat of Fusion of H2O = 334 kJ kg Heat of Fusion • The amount of energy needed to change a material from a Solid to a Liquid(or Liquid to a Solid)

  13. Heat of Vapor. of H2O = 2260 kJ kg Heat of Vaporization • The amount of energy needed to change a material from a Liquid to a Gas(or Gas to a Liquid)

  14. kJ (kg X °C) Specific Heat • The amount of ENERGY needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of material 1 °C • Every material has its own “SH” • H2O has three “SH”: • Solid (ICE) = 2.00 • Liquid (WATER) = 4.18 • Gas (VAPOR) = 2.02

  15. X Δ Temp kJ X S.Heat (kg X °C) Energy needed to change from Ice to Water to Vapor • Formula: Stays in the SAME STATE (kg) E = Mass (°C) Δ = “Change In”

  16. kJ kg X Heatof(FusionorVaporization) Energy needed to change from Ice to Water to Vapor Formula: CHANGES State (kg) E = Mass

  17. Heat of Fusion (H2O) = 334 kJ/kg Example #1: How much energy is needed to melt 150 kg of ice at 0°C? MELT 150 kg (1) Look for key words (2) Choose the correct Formula: Change in States Formula: E = mass X Heat of FUSION (3) Find needed information

  18. 1 Example #1 (cont.): (1) Energy = Mass X Heat of Fusion 150 kg 334 kJ kg (2) E = X (3) Energy = 50,100 kJ

  19. Specific Heat Water (Liquid) 4.18 kJ (kg x °C) Example #2: How much energy is needed to raise the temperature of 25 kg of water from 5°C to 50°C? 25 kg raise the temperature 5°C to 50°C (1) Look for key words (2) Choose the correct Formula: Stays in Same State Formula: E = mass X  Temp X S. Heat

  20. 1 1 Example #2 (Cont.): (1) E = mass X  Temp X S. Heat 25 kg (2) E = 45 °C 4.18 kJ kg x °C X X (3) Energy = 4,702.5 kJ

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