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Computer Architecture

Computer Architecture. review for exam 1. Introduction. languages, levels, and virtual machines mechanical, vacuum tubes, transistors, ICs, VLSI Von Neumann machine bus instruction format (opcode + operands) CPU parts (CU, ALU, regs). Instructions.

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Computer Architecture

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  1. Computer Architecture review for exam 1

  2. Introduction • languages, levels, and virtual machines • mechanical, vacuum tubes, transistors, ICs, VLSI • Von Neumann machine • bus • instruction format (opcode + operands) • CPU parts (CU, ALU, regs)

  3. Instructions • Instruction categories (reg2reg, reg2mem) • Instruction execution steps • Compiled vs. interpreted languages • Families of CPUs/computers • Hardware vs. interpreted instructions • RISC vs. CISC

  4. Memory and parallelism • Memory hierarchy • Design principles of modern computers • Parallelism and parallelism types • Instruction level • Pipelines, Superscalar architectures • Processor/core level • Array, Vector, Multiprocessor/multicore, Multicomputer, COWs (cluster of workstations)

  5. Binary numbers • Bits and bytes • Representation • Conversion • Conversion between bases 2, 8, and 16 • Ranges of values (for a given number of bits)

  6. Bitwise operators • Unsigned integers • byte, short, int, long or long long • &, |, ~, ^, <<, >>

  7. Binary arithmetic • + and * in general • representing positive and negative integers: • signed mag • 2’s complement • 1’s complement • excess bD-1 • Addition of positive and negative integers

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