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Kayla Krasley

Kayla Krasley. Mandy Schafer. History. Created in Detroit, Michigan in 1915. Automobiles outdoing horse and buggies. Early signs were the word “stop” in black on a white piece of metal. Sign to get people to think twice before crossing. Became a more serious sign in the flow of traffic.

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Kayla Krasley

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  1. Kayla Krasley Mandy Schafer

  2. History Created in Detroit, Michigan in 1915 • Automobiles outdoing horse and buggies • Early signs were the word “stop” in black on a white piece of metal • Sign to get people to think twice before crossing • Became a more serious sign in the flow of traffic

  3. History • Yellow octagon with black letters • Later changed to red • Used worldwide except in Japan • Only octagon shaped sign on the highway • Must stop and wait for all the intersection to clear

  4. Topic Determine community safety • Determine gender differences abiding by the traffic laws • Look at age affects

  5. Data Collection Stop sign into South student parking lot from Bristol Road • Stop sign in front South parking lot by flag pole • Stop sign in front of Giant on Rt. 202 • Stop sign in front of Toys ‘R Us on Rt. 309 • Divided our data into ½ second intervals

  6. Data

  7. Exploratory Data Analysis

  8. Exploratory Data Analysis

  9. 5-Number Summary Min = 0 Q1 = 0 Median = 0.28 Q3 = 1.14 Max = 4.13 Mean = .70385 Std Dev = .9127

  10. Exploratory Data Analysis

  11. 1 Sample t - Test AssumptionsSRS Normal Population or n ≥ 30 Assumed192 ≥ 30 HypothesesHo: μ = 3 Ha: μ < 3

  12. 1 Sample t - Test t- Test t = -34.857 P(t < -34.857 | df = 191) = 0 ConclusionWe reject Ho in favor of Ha because p-value of 0 < α = 0.05. We have sufficient evidence that the mean time for stopping is less than 3 seconds.

  13. 1 Sample t - Test 95% Confidence Interval * = (.57392, .83379) ConclusionWe are 95% confident that the mean time for stopping is between .57392 and .83379 seconds.

  14. X² Test of association Assumptions2 independent SRSSample size large enough so all expected counts ≥ 5 Assumedexp counts ≥ 5 X HypothesesHo: There is no association between gender and the time stopped Ha: There is an association between gender and the time stopped

  15. X² Test of association X² - Test X² = 5.739 P(X²> 5.739 | df = 8) = .6764 ConclusionWe fail to reject Ho because our p-value of .6764 > α = 0.05. We have sufficient evidence that there is no association between gender and the time stopped.

  16. 2 Proportion z - Test Assumptions2 independent SRSnm(pm)nm(1-pm)nf(pf)nf(1-pf)popm ≥ 10nmpopf ≥ 10nf Assumed(.46)(110)(.54)(110)(.41)(82)(.59)(82) ≥ 10 ≥ 10 popm ≥ 10(110)popf ≥ 10(82) HypothesesHo: pm = pf Ha: pm < pf

  17. 2 Proportion z - Test z - Test z = .67619 P(z > .67619) = .2495 ConclusionWe fail to reject Ho in favor of Ha because p-value of .2495 > α = 0.05. We have sufficient evidence that the proportion of males that stop is equal to the proportion of females that stop.

  18. 2 Proportion z - Test 95% Confidence Interval < < < < < < = (-.0926, .19062) ConclusionWe are 95% confident that the difference in proportion of males and females that don’t stop at stop signs is between -.0926 and .19062.

  19. Personal Opinions • South needs to be more aware of safety • Saving a life is more important • Watch for pedestrians • One should always stay on their side of the road

  20. Population Application 2007 Statistics Passenger vehicle deaths: 28,933Injuries: 2,221,000Pedestrian Deaths: 4,654Injuries: 70,000 Each Year200 fatal and 17,000 nonfatal crashes due to running stop signs Be cautious of other drivers

  21. Bias and Error Speed bump at South confuses drivers Buses block the stop sign at South Different techniques with stopwatch Time of day Type of stop signs

  22. what not to do at a STOP sign

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