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CIS 191 - Lesson 12

CIS 191 - Lesson 12. System Monitoring. CIS 191 - Lesson 12. System Monitoring. Monitoring Log Files /var/log Can be used as indication of systematic degradation log rotation logrotate /etc/logrotate.conf. CIS 191 - Lesson 12. System Monitoring. Many important logs (Red Hat family)

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CIS 191 - Lesson 12

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  1. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 System Monitoring

  2. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 System Monitoring • Monitoring Log Files • /var/log • Can be used as indication of systematic degradation • log rotation • logrotate • /etc/logrotate.conf

  3. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 System Monitoring • Many important logs (Red Hat family) • Kernel and system boot messages • dmesg • boot.log (broken – see bugzilla) • Security and authorization messages • secure, btmp, wtmp, lastlog, audit, … • System module messages • messages (a good catch-all log), cron, maillog, … • Key Log File Locations: • /var/log directory • /etc/syslog.conf

  4. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 Logging [root@opus ~]# ps -e | grep log 2152 ? 00:00:07 syslogd 2155 ? 00:00:00 klogd [root@opus ~]# The syslog daemon, controlled by /etc/syslog.conf, is a central clearing house for handling all the log messages sent by various system programs The klogd daemon handles kernel log messages. klogd does not have a configuration file and is controlled by command line switches.

  5. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 System Monitoring [root@benji log]# file * acpid: ASCII text anaconda.log: ASCII text anaconda.syslog: ASCII English text anaconda.xlog: ASCII English text audit: directory boot.log: empty boot.log.1: empty boot.log.2: ASCII text boot.log.3: empty btmp: DBase 3 index file conman: directory conman.old: directory cron: ASCII text cron.1: ASCII text cron.2: ASCII text cron.3: ASCII text cups: directory dmesg: ASCII English text faillog: data gdm: directory lastlog: data mail: directory maillog: ASCII text maillog.1: ASCII text maillog.2: ASCII text maillog.3: ASCII text messages: ASCII English text messages.1: ASCII text messages.2: ASCII English text messages.3: ASCII English text ppp: directory prelink: directory rpmpkgs: ASCII text rpmpkgs.1: ASCII text rpmpkgs.2: ASCII text rpmpkgs.3: ASCII text samba: directory scrollkeeper.log: ASCII text secure: ASCII text secure.1: empty secure.2: ASCII English text secure.3: ASCII text spooler: empty spooler.1: empty spooler.2: empty spooler.3: empty tallylog: empty vbox: directory wtmp: data wtmp.1: data Xorg.0.log: ASCII English text Xorg.0.log.old: ASCII English text yum.log: ASCII text [root@benji log]# Most log files are ascii text

  6. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 System Monitoring From observing /var/log …. [root@opus ~]# ls -l /var/log total 153572 -rw-r----- 1 root root 3665 Nov 11 13:36 acpid -rw------- 1 root root 527440 Jun 16 15:47 anaconda.log -rw------- 1 root root 22282 Jun 16 15:47 anaconda.syslog -rw------- 1 root root 58040 Jun 16 15:47 anaconda.xlog drwxr-x--- 2 root root 4096 Nov 24 02:03 audit -rw------- 1 root root 0 Nov 23 04:02 boot.log -rw------- 1 root root 0 Nov 16 04:02 boot.log.1 -rw------- 1 root root 0 Nov 9 04:02 boot.log.2 -rw------- 1 root root 0 Nov 2 04:02 boot.log.3 -rw------- 1 root root 0 Oct 26 04:03 boot.log.4 -rw------- 1 root utmp 136987008 Nov 29 15:16 btmp drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 28 2007 conman drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 28 2007 conman.old -rw------- 1 root root 12817 Nov 29 16:01 cron -rw------- 1 root root 13860 Nov 23 04:02 cron.1 -rw------- 1 root root 13706 Nov 16 04:02 cron.2 -rw------- 1 root root 13843 Nov 9 04:02 cron.3 -rw------- 1 root root 14117 Nov 2 04:02 cron.4 drwxr-xr-x 2 lp sys 4096 Nov 27 04:02 cups -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18903 Nov 11 13:35 dmesg -rw------- 1 root root 29256 Nov 11 08:11 faillog drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 28 2008 gdm drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Oct 19 04:02 httpd -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 355948 Nov 29 16:34 lastlog drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 16 15:39 mail -rw------- 1 root root 27520 Nov 29 08:51 maillog -rw------- 1 root root 38980 Nov 23 04:02 maillog.1 -rw------- 1 root root 56964 Nov 16 04:02 maillog.2 -rw------- 1 root root 74842 Nov 9 04:02 maillog.3 -rw------- 1 root root 110136 Nov 2 04:02 maillog.4 -rw------- 1 root root 9165 Nov 29 15:35 messages -rw------- 1 root root 11706 Nov 22 21:30 messages.1 -rw------- 1 root root 35986 Nov 16 03:22 messages.2 -rw------- 1 root root 12430 Nov 8 23:59 messages.3 -rw------- 1 root root 6224 Nov 1 16:21 messages.4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 17 15:02 pm drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Dec 1 2006 ppp drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 27 2007 prelink -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31559 Nov 29 04:03 rpmpkgs -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31559 Nov 22 04:03 rpmpkgs.1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31559 Nov 15 04:03 rpmpkgs.2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31559 Nov 8 04:02 rpmpkgs.3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31559 Nov 1 04:02 rpmpkgs.4 drwx------ 2 root root 4096 May 20 2008 samba -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 107169 Jun 17 15:07 scrollkeeper.log -rw------- 1 root root 1702726 Nov 29 16:34 secure -rw------- 1 root root 5069529 Nov 23 03:38 secure.1 -rw------- 1 root root 1196200 Nov 16 03:30 secure.2 -rw------- 1 root root 2404320 Nov 8 23:59 secure.3 -rw------- 1 root root 6374517 Nov 1 19:52 secure.4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 23 04:02 setroubleshoot -rw------- 1 root root 0 Nov 23 04:02 spooler -rw------- 1 root root 0 Nov 16 04:02 spooler.1 -rw------- 1 root root 0 Nov 9 04:02 spooler.2 -rw------- 1 root root 0 Nov 2 04:02 spooler.3 -rw------- 1 root root 0 Oct 26 04:03 spooler.4 drwxr-x--- 2 squid squid 4096 Apr 1 2008 squid -rw------- 1 root root 0 Jun 17 14:57 tallylog -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 34140 Nov 29 16:34 up2date -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 37324 Nov 23 03:34 up2date.1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 43305 Nov 16 03:34 up2date.2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32088 Nov 9 03:49 up2date.3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 34650 Nov 2 03:49 up2date.4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 20 2007 vbox -rw-rw-r-- 1 root utmp 23040 Nov 29 16:34 wtmp -rw-rw-r-- 1 root utmp 1093632 Nov 27 02:13 wtmp.1 -rw-rw-r-- 1 root cis90 59894 Oct 24 08:23 Xorg.0.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 root cis90 59894 Sep 16 12:58 Xorg.0.log.old -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20546 Jun 17 19:32 yum.log [root@opus ~]# How many backups are there of each log? 4 How often are these log files rotated? weekly Log files are owned by root and have restrictive permissions due to the sensitive information they contain

  7. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 syslog.conf

  8. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 /etc/syslog.conf /etc/syslog.conf on Opus [root@opus ~]# cat /etc/syslog.conf # Log all kernel messages to the console. # Logging much else clutters up the screen. #kern.* /dev/console # Log anything (except mail) of level info or higher. # Don't log private authentication messages! *.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none /var/log/messages # The authpriv file has restricted access. authpriv.* /var/log/secure # Log all the mail messages in one place. mail.* -/var/log/maillog # Log cron stuff cron.* /var/log/cron # Everybody gets emergency messages *.emerg * # Save news errors of level crit and higher in a special file. uucp,news.crit /var/log/spooler # Save boot messages also to boot.log local7.* /var/log/boot.log [root@opus ~]# Each entry is a selector followed by an action

  9. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 /etc/syslog.conf http://www.linode.com/wiki/index.php/Syslog_Howto

  10. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 /etc/syslog.conf http://www.linode.com/wiki/index.php/Syslog_Howto

  11. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 /etc/syslog.conf http://www.linode.com/wiki/index.php/Syslog_Howto

  12. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 /etc/syslog.conf http://www.linode.com/wiki/index.php/Syslog_Howto

  13. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 Logging Note: You can use the severity level to control where messages are sent, but you don't have control over the level a program assigns to a message.

  14. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 /etc/syslog.conf [root@benji ~]# cat /etc/syslog.conf # Log all kernel messages to the console. # Logging much else clutters up the screen. #kern.* /dev/console # Log anything (except mail) of level info or higher. # Don't log private authentication messages! *.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none /var/log/messages # The authpriv file has restricted access. authpriv.* /var/log/secure # Log all the mail messages in one place. mail.* -/var/log/maillog # Log cron stuff cron.* /var/log/cron # Everybody gets emergency messages *.emerg * # Save news errors of level crit and higher in a special file. uucp,news.crit /var/log/spooler # Save boot messages also to boot.log local7.* /var/log/boot.log [root@benji ~]# write messages to console kernel facility (all messages) commented out

  15. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 /etc/syslog.conf [root@benji ~]# cat /etc/syslog.conf # Log all kernel messages to the console. # Logging much else clutters up the screen. #kern.* /dev/console # Log anything (except mail) of level info or higher. # Don't log private authentication messages! *.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none /var/log/messages # The authpriv file has restricted access. authpriv.* /var/log/secure # Log all the mail messages in one place. mail.* -/var/log/maillog # Log cron stuff cron.* /var/log/cron # Everybody gets emergency messages *.emerg * # Save news errors of level crit and higher in a special file. uucp,news.crit /var/log/spooler # Save boot messages also to boot.log local7.* /var/log/boot.log [root@benji ~]# All facilties with info (6) or higher priority except mail, authpriv or cron write messages to this file

  16. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 /etc/syslog.conf [root@benji ~]# cat /etc/syslog.conf # Log all kernel messages to the console. # Logging much else clutters up the screen. #kern.* /dev/console # Log anything (except mail) of level info or higher. # Don't log private authentication messages! *.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none /var/log/messages # The authpriv file has restricted access. authpriv.* /var/log/secure # Log all the mail messages in one place. mail.* -/var/log/maillog # Log cron stuff cron.* /var/log/cron # Everybody gets emergency messages *.emerg * # Save news errors of level crit and higher in a special file. uucp,news.crit /var/log/spooler # Save boot messages also to boot.log local7.* /var/log/boot.log [root@benji ~]# write messages to this file authpriv facility, any priority

  17. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 /etc/syslog.conf [root@benji ~]# cat /etc/syslog.conf # Log all kernel messages to the console. # Logging much else clutters up the screen. #kern.* /dev/console # Log anything (except mail) of level info or higher. # Don't log private authentication messages! *.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none /var/log/messages # The authpriv file has restricted access. authpriv.* /var/log/secure # Log all the mail messages in one place. mail.* -/var/log/maillog # Log cron stuff cron.* /var/log/cron # Everybody gets emergency messages *.emerg * # Save news errors of level crit and higher in a special file. uucp,news.crit /var/log/spooler # Save boot messages also to boot.log local7.* /var/log/boot.log [root@benji ~]# write messages to this file (- means don't flush file each time) mail facility, any priority

  18. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 /etc/syslog.conf [root@benji ~]# cat /etc/syslog.conf # Log all kernel messages to the console. # Logging much else clutters up the screen. #kern.* /dev/console # Log anything (except mail) of level info or higher. # Don't log private authentication messages! *.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none /var/log/messages # The authpriv file has restricted access. authpriv.* /var/log/secure # Log all the mail messages in one place. mail.* -/var/log/maillog # Log cron stuff cron.* /var/log/cron # Everybody gets emergency messages *.emerg * # Save news errors of level crit and higher in a special file. uucp,news.crit /var/log/spooler # Save boot messages also to boot.log local7.* /var/log/boot.log [root@benji ~]# write messages to this file cron facility, any priority

  19. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 /etc/syslog.conf [root@benji ~]# cat /etc/syslog.conf # Log all kernel messages to the console. # Logging much else clutters up the screen. #kern.* /dev/console # Log anything (except mail) of level info or higher. # Don't log private authentication messages! *.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none /var/log/messages # The authpriv file has restricted access. authpriv.* /var/log/secure # Log all the mail messages in one place. mail.* -/var/log/maillog # Log cron stuff cron.* /var/log/cron # Everybody gets emergency messages *.emerg * # Save news errors of level crit and higher in a special file. uucp,news.crit /var/log/spooler # Save boot messages also to boot.log local7.* /var/log/boot.log [root@benji ~]# All logged in users get the message All emergency level (0) messages from any facility

  20. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 /etc/syslog.conf [root@benji ~]# cat /etc/syslog.conf # Log all kernel messages to the console. # Logging much else clutters up the screen. #kern.* /dev/console # Log anything (except mail) of level info or higher. # Don't log private authentication messages! *.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none /var/log/messages # The authpriv file has restricted access. authpriv.* /var/log/secure # Log all the mail messages in one place. mail.* -/var/log/maillog # Log cron stuff cron.* /var/log/cron # Everybody gets emergency messages *.emerg * # Save news errors of level crit and higher in a special file. uucp,news.crit /var/log/spooler # Save boot messages also to boot.log local7.* /var/log/boot.log [root@benji ~]# Messages are written to this file Critical (2) or higher messages from uucp or news facilities

  21. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 /etc/syslog.conf [root@benji ~]# cat /etc/syslog.conf # Log all kernel messages to the console. # Logging much else clutters up the screen. #kern.* /dev/console # Log anything (except mail) of level info or higher. # Don't log private authentication messages! *.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none /var/log/messages # The authpriv file has restricted access. authpriv.* /var/log/secure # Log all the mail messages in one place. mail.* -/var/log/maillog # Log cron stuff cron.* /var/log/cron # Everybody gets emergency messages *.emerg * # Save news errors of level crit and higher in a special file. uucp,news.crit /var/log/spooler # Save boot messages also to boot.log local7.* /var/log/boot.log [root@benji ~]# any messages from local7 (used by Red Hat family for boot messages) Messages are written to this file

  22. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 /etc/syslog.conf For Lab 10 [root@benji ~]# cat /etc/syslog.conf # Log all kernel messages to the console. # Logging much else clutters up the screen. #kern.* /dev/console # Log anything (except mail) of level info or higher. # Don't log private authentication messages! *.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none /var/log/messages # The authpriv file has restricted access. authpriv.* /var/log/secure # Log all the mail messages in one place. mail.* -/var/log/maillog # Log cron stuff cron.* /var/log/cron # Everybody gets emergency messages *.emerg * # Save news errors of level crit and higher in a special file. uucp,news.crit /var/log/spooler # Save boot messages also to boot.log local7.* /var/log/boot.log #Lab 10 *.=notice /var/log/notices [root@benji ~]# In Lab 10 a new entry is added to /etc/syslog.conf for a custom notices log only notification level (5) messages from any facility Messages are written to this file

  23. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 /etc/syslog.conf For Lab 10 Create a custom logfile [root@benji log]# > notices [root@benji log]# vi /etc/syslog.conf [root@benji log]# cat syslog.conf cat: syslog.conf: No such file or directory [root@benji log]# cat /etc/syslog.conf # Log all kernel messages to the console. # Logging much else clutters up the screen. #kern.* /dev/console # Log anything (except mail) of level info or higher. # Don't log private authentication messages! *.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none /var/log/messages # The authpriv file has restricted access. authpriv.* /var/log/secure # Log all the mail messages in one place. mail.* -/var/log/maillog # Log cron stuff cron.* /var/log/cron # Everybody gets emergency messages *.emerg * # Save news errors of level crit and higher in a special file. uucp,news.crit /var/log/spooler # Save boot messages also to boot.log local7.* /var/log/boot.log #Lab 10 *.=notice /var/log/notices [root@benji log]# cat notices [root@benji log]# service syslog restart Shutting down kernel logger: [ OK ] Shutting down system logger: [ OK ] Starting system logger: [ OK ] Starting kernel logger: [ OK ] [root@benji log]# Must restart the logging service for the change in /etc/syslog.conf to take effect.

  24. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 /etc/syslog.conf For Lab 10 Login as root on tty2 Login as cis191 on tty3, then su with bad password [root@benji log]# cat notices Nov 29 15:18:20 benji login: pam_selinux(login:session): Warning! Could not get new context for /dev/tty2, not relabeling: Invalid argument Nov 29 15:18:20 benji login: pam_selinux(login:session): usercon=(null), prev_context=system_u:object_r:tty_device_t Nov 29 15:18:20 benji login: ROOT LOGIN ON tty2 Nov 29 15:19:04 benji login: pam_selinux(login:session): Warning! Could not get new context for /dev/tty3, not relabeling: Invalid argument Nov 29 15:19:04 benji login: pam_selinux(login:session): usercon=(null), prev_context=system_u:object_r:tty_device_t Nov 29 15:19:13 benjisu: pam_unix(su-l:auth): authentication failure; logname=cis191 uid=500 euid=0 tty=tty3 ruser=cis191 rhost= user=root [root@benji log]# The new log will hold root logins and login failures

  25. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 log rotation

  26. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 Log file rotation logrotate is normally run out of cron once every day [root@benji ~]# ls /etc/cron.daily/ 0anacron cups makewhatis.cronprelinktmpwatch 0logwatch logrotatemlocate.cron rpm [root@benji ~]# [root@benji ~]# cat /etc/cron.daily/logrotate #!/bin/sh /usr/sbin/logrotate /etc/logrotate.conf EXITVALUE=$? if [ $EXITVALUE != 0 ]; then /usr/bin/logger -t logrotate "ALERT exited abnormally with [$EXITVALUE]" fi exit 0 [root@benji ~]# [root@benji ~]# type logrotate logrotate is /usr/sbin/logrotate [root@benji ~]# This is actually a script that calls the logrotate program The actual program lives in /usr/sbin

  27. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 /etc/logrotate.conf [root@opus ~]# cat /etc/logrotate.conf # see "man logrotate" for details # rotate log files weekly weekly # keep 4 weeks worth of backlogs rotate 4 # create new (empty) log files after rotating old ones create # uncomment this if you want your log files compressed #compress # RPM packages drop log rotation information into this directory include /etc/logrotate.d # no packages own wtmp -- we'll rotate them here /var/log/wtmp { monthly minsize 1M create 0664 root utmp rotate 1 } # system-specific logs may be also be configured here. [root@opus ~]# logrotate.conf on Opus applies to all files for specific files

  28. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 /etc/logrotate.conf [root@benji ~]# cat /etc/logrotate.conf # see "man logrotate" for details # rotate log files weekly weekly # keep 4 weeks worth of backlogs rotate 4 # create new (empty) log files after rotating old ones create # uncomment this if you want your log files compressed #compress # RPM packages drop log rotation information into this directory include /etc/logrotate.d # no packages own wtmp -- we'll rotate them here /var/log/wtmp { monthly create 0664 root utmp rotate 1 } # system-specific logs may be also be configured here. [root@benji ~]# logrotate.conf on Benji

  29. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 logins

  30. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 /var/log/wtmp and var/log/btmp [root@opus log]# ls -l /var/log total 153576 -rw-r----- 1 root root 3665 Nov 11 13:36 acpid -rw------- 1 root root 527440 Jun 16 15:47 anaconda.log -rw------- 1 root root 22282 Jun 16 15:47 anaconda.syslog -rw------- 1 root root 58040 Jun 16 15:47 anaconda.xlog drwxr-x--- 2 root root 4096 Nov 24 02:03 audit -rw------- 1 root root 0 Nov 23 04:02 boot.log -rw------- 1 root root 0 Nov 16 04:02 boot.log.1 -rw------- 1 root root 0 Nov 9 04:02 boot.log.2 -rw------- 1 root root 0 Nov 2 04:02 boot.log.3 -rw------- 1 root root 0 Oct 26 04:03 boot.log.4 -rw------- 1 root utmp 136987008 Nov 29 15:16 btmp drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 28 2007 conman drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 28 2007 conman.old -rw------- 1 root root 13117 Nov 29 20:01 cron -rw------- 1 root root 13860 Nov 23 04:02 cron.1 -rw------- 1 root root 13706 Nov 16 04:02 cron.2 -rw------- 1 root root 13843 Nov 9 04:02 cron.3 -rw------- 1 root root 14117 Nov 2 04:02 cron.4 drwxr-xr-x 2 lp sys 4096 Nov 27 04:02 cups -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18903 Nov 11 13:35 dmesg -rw------- 1 root root 29256 Nov 11 08:11 faillog drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 28 2008 gdm drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Oct 19 04:02 httpd -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 355948 Nov 29 18:39 lastlog drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 16 15:39 mail -rw------- 1 root root 28085 Nov 29 19:56 maillog -rw------- 1 root root 38980 Nov 23 04:02 maillog.1 -rw------- 1 root root 56964 Nov 16 04:02 maillog.2 -rw------- 1 root root 74842 Nov 9 04:02 maillog.3 -rw------- 1 root root 110136 Nov 2 04:02 maillog.4 -rw------- 1 root root 9165 Nov 29 15:35 messages -rw------- 1 root root 11706 Nov 22 21:30 messages.1 -rw------- 1 root root 35986 Nov 16 03:22 messages.2 -rw------- 1 root root 12430 Nov 8 23:59 messages.3 -rw------- 1 root root 6224 Nov 1 16:21 messages.4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 17 15:02 pm drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Dec 1 2006 ppp drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 27 2007 prelink -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31559 Nov 29 04:03 rpmpkgs -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31559 Nov 22 04:03 rpmpkgs.1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31559 Nov 15 04:03 rpmpkgs.2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31559 Nov 8 04:02 rpmpkgs.3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31559 Nov 1 04:02 rpmpkgs.4 drwx------ 2 root root 4096 May 20 2008 samba -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 107169 Jun 17 15:07 scrollkeeper.log -rw------- 1 root root 1703877 Nov 29 19:59 secure -rw------- 1 root root 5069529 Nov 23 03:38 secure.1 -rw------- 1 root root 1196200 Nov 16 03:30 secure.2 -rw------- 1 root root 2404320 Nov 8 23:59 secure.3 -rw------- 1 root root 6374517 Nov 1 19:52 secure.4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 23 04:02 setroubleshoot -rw------- 1 root root 0 Nov 23 04:02 spooler -rw------- 1 root root 0 Nov 16 04:02 spooler.1 -rw------- 1 root root 0 Nov 9 04:02 spooler.2 -rw------- 1 root root 0 Nov 2 04:02 spooler.3 -rw------- 1 root root 0 Oct 26 04:03 spooler.4 drwxr-x--- 2 squid squid 4096 Apr 1 2008 squid -rw------- 1 root root 0 Jun 17 14:57 tallylog -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 34818 Nov 29 19:34 up2date -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 37324 Nov 23 03:34 up2date.1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 43305 Nov 16 03:34 up2date.2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32088 Nov 9 03:49 up2date.3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 34650 Nov 2 03:49 up2date.4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 20 2007 vbox -rw-rw-r-- 1 root utmp 26112 Nov 29 19:02 wtmp -rw-rw-r-- 1 root utmp 1093632 Nov 27 02:13 wtmp.1 -rw-rw-r-- 1 root cis90 59894 Oct 24 08:23 Xorg.0.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 root cis90 59894 Sep 16 12:58 Xorg.0.log.old -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20546 Jun 17 19:32 yum.log [root@opus log]# bad login attempts good login attempts

  31. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 /var/log/wtmp and var/log/btmp [root@opus ~]# lastb | grep "cool.nju.edu.cn" | head bind ssh:notty cool.nju.edu.cn Sun Nov 30 06:35 - 06:35 (00:00) bind ssh:notty cool.nju.edu.cn Sun Nov 30 06:35 - 06:35 (00:00) bind ssh:notty cool.nju.edu.cn Sun Nov 30 06:35 - 06:35 (00:00) bind ssh:notty cool.nju.edu.cn Sun Nov 30 06:35 - 06:35 (00:00) bind ssh:notty cool.nju.edu.cn Sun Nov 30 06:35 - 06:35 (00:00) bind ssh:notty cool.nju.edu.cn Sun Nov 30 06:35 - 06:35 (00:00) bind ssh:notty cool.nju.edu.cn Sun Nov 30 06:35 - 06:35 (00:00) bind ssh:notty cool.nju.edu.cn Sun Nov 30 06:35 - 06:35 (00:00) bind ssh:notty cool.nju.edu.cn Sun Nov 30 06:35 - 06:35 (00:00) bind ssh:notty cool.nju.edu.cn Sun Nov 30 06:35 - 06:35 (00:00) [root@opus ~]# lastb | grep "cool.nju.edu.cn" | wc -l 3104 [root@opus ~]# Shows break in attempt on 11/30/2008

  32. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 /var/log/wtmp and var/log/btmp [root@opus ~]# lastb | grep "Nov 2 17:45" webadmin ssh:notty 211.96.97.179 Sun Nov 2 17:45 - 17:45 (00:00) webadmin ssh:notty 211.96.97.179 Sun Nov 2 17:45 - 17:45 (00:00) retsu ssh:notty 211.96.97.179 Sun Nov 2 17:45 - 17:45 (00:00) retsu ssh:notty 211.96.97.179 Sun Nov 2 17:45 - 17:45 (00:00) sbear ssh:notty 211.96.97.179 Sun Nov 2 17:45 - 17:45 (00:00) sbear ssh:notty 211.96.97.179 Sun Nov 2 17:45 - 17:45 (00:00) sky ssh:notty 211.96.97.179 Sun Nov 2 17:45 - 17:45 (00:00) sky ssh:notty 211.96.97.179 Sun Nov 2 17:45 - 17:45 (00:00) harvey ssh:notty 211.96.97.179 Sun Nov 2 17:45 - 17:45 (00:00) harvey ssh:notty 211.96.97.179 Sun Nov 2 17:45 - 17:45 (00:00) harvey ssh:notty 211.96.97.179 Sun Nov 2 17:45 - 17:45 (00:00) [root@opus ~]# [root@opus ~]# lastb -i | grep "211.96.97.179" | wc -l 598 [root@opus ~]# Shows break in attempt by 211.96.97.179 on 11/2/2008

  33. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 /var/log/lastlog [rsimms@opus ~]$ lastlog Username Port From Latest < smipped > jimg pts/0 adsl-70-132-6-20 Fri Nov 28 19:04:08 -0800 2008 vmware pts/2 dsl-63-249-86-11 Wed Aug 27 15:41:35 -0700 2008 cis191 pts/0 cm0-136-131.rezn Sat Nov 29 11:00:24 -0800 2008 simmsmar pts/2 dsl-63-249-103-1 Fri Oct 31 18:59:55 -0700 2008 roddyduk pts/1 dsl-63-249-103-1 Thu Nov 27 08:57:33 -0800 2008 simmsben pts/0 risimms-1.cabril Wed Nov 26 20:12:04 -0800 2008 guest191 pts/0 dsl-63-249-103-1 Sun Oct 19 11:22:53 -0700 2008 woolahen pts/0 65-98-148-143-di Wed Nov 26 21:26:48 -0800 2008 stanlcha pts/0 svx23-1.cabrillo Wed Nov 26 17:29:31 -0800 2008 bolasale pts/1 svx11-1.cabrillo Wed Nov 26 20:18:05 -0800 2008 seatocol pts/2 c-67-182-48-70.h Sun Nov 30 10:11:47 -0800 2008 wrigholi pts/0 c-98-207-42-232. Sun Nov 30 16:12:47 -0800 2008 dymesdia pts/2 c-24-5-147-76.hs Fri Nov 28 18:23:20 -0800 2008 barrecol pts/1 207.62.186.30 Tue Sep 9 18:38:10 -0700 2008 gantden pts/1 207.62.186.30 Tue Oct 7 19:01:30 -0700 2008 deakifre pts/0 207.62.186.30 Tue Oct 14 19:15:22 -0700 2008 bellhil pts/1 714x09-1.cabrill Thu Nov 20 12:59:33 -0800 2008 chaffjan pts/2 207.62.186.30 Tue Nov 18 19:03:34 -0800 2008 clarkjef pts/0 dsl-63-249-97-24 Mon Nov 24 23:45:27 -0800 2008 lemiejoh pts/11 207.62.186.30 Tue Sep 9 18:42:13 -0700 2008 simmsjon pts/3 dsl-63-249-97-18 Sun Nov 30 00:14:48 -0800 2008 bobisjoe pts/2 207.62.186.30 Mon Nov 17 20:34:07 -0800 2008 smithkay pts/0 207.62.186.30 Mon Nov 3 20:06:11 -0800 2008 < snipped > [rsimms@opus ~]$

  34. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 /var/log/lastlog [rsimms@opus log]$ lastlog Username Port From Latest root tty1 Wed Sep 10 21:49:40 -0700 2008 daemon **Never logged in** adm **Never logged in** lp **Never logged in** sync **Never logged in** shutdown **Never logged in** halt **Never logged in** mail **Never logged in** news **Never logged in** uucp **Never logged in** operator **Never logged in** games **Never logged in** gopher **Never logged in** squid **Never logged in** easter **Never logged in** named **Never logged in** ntp **Never logged in** gdm **Never logged in** xfs **Never logged in** ftp **Never logged in** nobody **Never logged in** rpm **Never logged in** vcsa **Never logged in** nscd **Never logged in** sshd **Never logged in** rpc **Never logged in** rpcuser **Never logged in** pcap **Never logged in** mailnull **Never logged in** smmsp **Never logged in** apache **Never logged in** dbus **Never logged in** sabayon **Never logged in** haldaemon **Never logged in** dovecot **Never logged in** cis192 **Never logged in** rsimms pts/0 dsl-63-249-103-1 Sun Nov 30 16:46:46 -0800 2008 ryan **Never logged in** gerlinde **Never logged in** dbc **Never logged in** brian **Never logged in** rhea **Never logged in** guest pts/4 207.62.186.30 Wed Nov 26 12:39:03 -0800 2008 guest90 pts/1 stu-wireless-gw- Wed Nov 12 14:17:07 -0800 2008 guest130 **Never logged in** jimg pts/0 adsl-70-132-6-20 Fri Nov 28 19:04:08 -0800 2008 vmware pts/2 dsl-63-249-86-11 Wed Aug 27 15:41:35 -0700 2008 timc **Never logged in** cis191 pts/0 cm0-136-131.rezn Sat Nov 29 11:00:24 -0800 2008 simmsmar pts/2 dsl-63-249-103-1 Fri Oct 31 18:59:55 -0700 2008 roddyduk pts/1 dsl-63-249-103-1 Thu Nov 27 08:57:33 -0800 2008 simmsben pts/0 risimms-1.cabril Wed Nov 26 20:12:04 -0800 2008 guest191 pts/0 dsl-63-249-103-1 Sun Oct 19 11:22:53 -0700 2008 woolahen pts/0 65-98-148-143-di Wed Nov 26 21:26:48 -0800 2008 stanlcha pts/0 svx23-1.cabrillo Wed Nov 26 17:29:31 -0800 2008 bolasale pts/1 svx11-1.cabrillo Wed Nov 26 20:18:05 -0800 2008 seatocol pts/2 c-67-182-48-70.h Sun Nov 30 10:11:47 -0800 2008 wrigholi pts/0 c-98-207-42-232. Sun Nov 30 16:12:47 -0800 2008 dymesdia pts/2 c-24-5-147-76.hs Fri Nov 28 18:23:20 -0800 2008 barrecol pts/1 207.62.186.30 Tue Sep 9 18:38:10 -0700 2008 gantden pts/1 207.62.186.30 Tue Oct 7 19:01:30 -0700 2008 deakifre pts/0 207.62.186.30 Tue Oct 14 19:15:22 -0700 2008 bellhil pts/1 714x09-1.cabrill Thu Nov 20 12:59:33 -0800 2008 chaffjan pts/2 207.62.186.30 Tue Nov 18 19:03:34 -0800 2008 clarkjef pts/0 dsl-63-249-97-24 Mon Nov 24 23:45:27 -0800 2008 lemiejoh pts/11 207.62.186.30 Tue Sep 9 18:42:13 -0700 2008 simmsjon pts/3 dsl-63-249-97-18 Sun Nov 30 00:14:48 -0800 2008 bobisjoe pts/2 207.62.186.30 Mon Nov 17 20:34:07 -0800 2008 smithkay pts/0 207.62.186.30 Mon Nov 3 20:06:11 -0800 2008 talpamar pts/1 207.62.186.30 Tue Oct 21 20:52:13 -0700 2008 weavepat pts/0 207.62.186.30 Mon Oct 13 16:06:11 -0700 2008 scalenoa pts/1 207.62.186.30 Sat Nov 1 16:27:29 -0700 2008 childtim pts/3 207.62.186.30 Tue Nov 25 20:01:45 -0800 2008 husmalei pts/0 c-67-180-94-200. Sat Sep 20 22:24:42 -0700 2008 doddkev pts/2 207.62.186.30 Tue Nov 25 16:51:34 -0800 2008 lyonsrob pts/2 dsl253-002-169.s Wed Nov 26 12:48:37 -0800 2008 ybarrser pts/9 stu-wireless-gw- Wed Nov 26 18:31:05 -0800 2008 valdemar pts/0 adsl-99-170-150- Fri Nov 28 22:17:15 -0800 2008 elliokat pts/13 svx07-1.cabrillo Wed Nov 26 18:01:17 -0800 2008 jessuwes pts/12 svx06-1.cabrillo Wed Nov 26 17:58:40 -0800 2008 luisjus pts/4 svx16-1.cabrillo Wed Nov 19 17:29:18 -0800 2008 thrascat pts/16 svx17-2.cabrillo Wed Sep 10 19:01:25 -0700 2008 meyerjas pts/7 10.177.1.152 Wed Nov 26 17:20:58 -0800 2008 bergelyl pts/4 svx15-1.cabrillo Wed Nov 26 18:50:53 -0800 2008 hutmabry pts/3 c-76-21-35-117.h Tue Nov 25 21:01:53 -0800 2008 gardnnic pts/1 c-67-180-95-187. Wed Nov 26 23:55:40 -0800 2008 mohanchi pts/6 59.92.58.158 Wed Nov 26 19:37:18 -0800 2008 whitfbob pts/6 svx18-1.cabrillo Wed Nov 26 19:07:52 -0800 2008 wichemic pts/1 netblock-68-183- Fri Nov 28 18:23:04 -0800 2008 crivejoh pts/0 c-24-5-147-18.hs Wed Nov 26 23:58:38 -0800 2008 earthgre pts/3 207.62.186.30 Tue Nov 25 20:03:20 -0800 2008 foregdyl **Never logged in** romanmar pts/0 c-98-210-240-176 Tue Nov 18 17:17:09 -0800 2008 sanchden pts/2 70.134.64.172 Sun Nov 30 02:07:59 -0800 2008 tiagolaw pts/0 207.62.186.30 Thu Nov 13 18:00:12 -0800 2008 [rsimms@opus log]$ login as: rsimms rsimms@opus.cabrillo.edu's password: Last login: Sun Nov 30 16:46:46 2008 from dsl-63-249-103-107.cruzio.com _ ('v') //-=-\\ (\_=_/) ~~ ~~ Welcome to Opus Serving Cabrillo College [rsimms@opus ~]$

  35. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 /var/log/wtmp and var/log/btmp [rsimms@opus log]$ ls -l *tmp* -rw------- 1 root utmp 137583360 Nov 30 06:35 btmp -rw-rw-r-- 1 root utmp 35712 Nov 30 16:57 wtmp -rw-rw-r-- 1 root utmp 1093632 Nov 27 02:13 wtmp.1 [rsimms@opus log]$ [root@opus ~]# lastb | head -5 bind ssh:notty cool.nju.edu.cn Sun Nov 30 06:35 - 06:35 (00:00) bind ssh:notty cool.nju.edu.cn Sun Nov 30 06:35 - 06:35 (00:00) bind ssh:notty cool.nju.edu.cn Sun Nov 30 06:35 - 06:35 (00:00) bind ssh:notty cool.nju.edu.cn Sun Nov 30 06:35 - 06:35 (00:00) bind ssh:notty cool.nju.edu.cn Sun Nov 30 06:35 - 06:35 (00:00) [root@opus ~]# last | head -5 rsimms pts/0 dsl-63-249-103-1 Sun Nov 30 16:57 still logged in rsimms pts/0 dsl-63-249-103-1 Sun Nov 30 16:46 - 16:57 (00:10) rsimms pts/0 dsl-63-249-103-1 Sun Nov 30 16:35 - 16:41 (00:06) wrigholi pts/0 c-98-207-42-232. Sun Nov 30 16:12 - 16:18 (00:06) wrigholi pts/0 c-98-207-42-232. Sun Nov 30 13:12 - 15:07 (01:54) [root@opus ~]# failed logins successful logins

  36. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 /var/log/wtmp and var/log/btmp Either way prints successful login history [root@opus log]# who wtmp | tail -10 sanchden pts/2 2008-11-30 00:33 (70.134.64.172) sanchden pts/2 2008-11-30 02:04 (70.134.64.172) sanchden pts/2 2008-11-30 02:07 (70.134.64.172) seatocol pts/2 2008-11-30 10:11 (c-67-182-48-70.hsd1.ca.comcast.net) wrigholi pts/2 2008-11-30 11:23 (c-98-207-42-232.hsd1.ca.comcast.net) wrigholi pts/0 2008-11-30 13:12 (c-98-207-42-232.hsd1.ca.comcast.net) wrigholi pts/0 2008-11-30 16:12 (c-98-207-42-232.hsd1.ca.comcast.net) rsimms pts/0 2008-11-30 16:35 (dsl-63-249-103-107.cruzio.com) rsimms pts/0 2008-11-30 16:46 (dsl-63-249-103-107.cruzio.com) rsimms pts/0 2008-11-30 16:57 (dsl-63-249-103-107.cruzio.com) [root@opus log]# last | head -10 rsimms pts/0 dsl-63-249-103-1 Sun Nov 30 16:57 still logged in rsimms pts/0 dsl-63-249-103-1 Sun Nov 30 16:46 - 16:57 (00:10) rsimms pts/0 dsl-63-249-103-1 Sun Nov 30 16:35 - 16:41 (00:06) wrigholi pts/0 c-98-207-42-232. Sun Nov 30 16:12 - 16:18 (00:06) wrigholi pts/0 c-98-207-42-232. Sun Nov 30 13:12 - 15:07 (01:54) wrigholi pts/2 c-98-207-42-232. Sun Nov 30 11:23 - 12:40 (01:17) seatocol pts/2 c-67-182-48-70.h Sun Nov 30 10:11 - 10:17 (00:05) sanchden pts/2 70.134.64.172 Sun Nov 30 02:07 - 02:14 (00:06) sanchden pts/2 70.134.64.172 Sun Nov 30 02:04 - 02:07 (00:03) sanchden pts/2 70.134.64.172 Sun Nov 30 00:33 - 02:03 (01:29) [root@opus log]#

  37. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 /var/log/wtmp and var/log/btmp [root@opus log]# lastb | sort | cut -f1 -d' ' | grep -v ^$ | uniq –c > bad [root@opus log]# sort –g bad > bad.sort [root@opus log]# [root@opus log]# cat bad.sort | tail -50 471 ftp 472 public 490 test 490 tomcat 498 user 506 service 508 mike 508 username 524 cyrus 530 pgsql 532 test1 544 master 554 linux 554 toor 576 paul 584 support 590 testuser 604 irc 610 test 656 noc 686 www 690 postfix 723 john 734 testing 738 adam 746 alex 754 info 798 tester 832 library 935 guest 990 admin 1002 office 1022 temp 1070 ftpuser 1138 webadmin 1298 nagios 1332 web 1374 a 1384 student 1416 postgres 1690 user 1858 oracle 1944 mysql 2086 webmaste 5324 test 10803 root 10824 admin 18679 root 24064 root [root@opus log]# Top 50 usernames used by the bad guys

  38. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 /var/log/wtmp and var/log/btmp 22128 usernames used and failed [root@opus log]# lastb | sort | cut -f1 -d' ' | grep -v ^$| uniq -c | wc -l 22128 [root@opus log]# [root@opus log]# lastb | grep root | wc -l 54117 [root@opus log]# 53117 failed root logins Now you know why you need a strong password!

  39. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 logwatch

  40. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 logwatch You have mail … from logwatch [root@opus ~]# mail Mail version 8.1 6/6/93. Type ? for help. "/var/spool/mail/root": 349 messages 349 new >N 1 logwatch@opus.cabril Mon Jun 16 17:04 43/1587 "Logwatch for opus.cabrillo.edu (Linux)" N 2 root@opus.cabrillo.e Mon Jun 16 17:12 18/795 "Anacron job for 'opus.cabrillo.edu' cron." N 3 logwatch@opus.cabril Tue Jun 17 16:14 141/3966 "Logwatch for opus.cabrillo.edu (Linux)" N 4 logwatch@opus.cabril Wed Jun 18 04:02 728/32707 "Logwatch for opus.cabrillo.edu (Linux)" N 5 root@opus.cabrillo.e Wed Jun 18 04:05 47/1877 "Cron <root@opus> run-parts /etc/cron.dail" N 6 logwatch@opus.cabril Thu Jun 19 04:02 1007/61932 "Logwatch for opus.cabrillo.edu (Linux)" N 7 root@opus.cabrillo.e Thu Jun 19 04:02 47/1889 "Cron <root@opus> run-parts /etc/cron.dail" N 8 logwatch@opus.cabril Fri Jun 20 04:02 168/5533 "Logwatch for opus.cabrillo.edu (Linux)" N 9 root@opus.cabrillo.e Fri Jun 20 04:02 47/1891 "Cron <root@opus> run-parts /etc/cron.dail" N 10 logwatch@opus.cabril Sat Jun 21 04:02 274/8886 "Logwatch for opus.cabrillo.edu (Linux)" N 11 root@opus.cabrillo.e Sat Jun 21 04:02 47/1894 "Cron <root@opus> run-parts /etc/cron.dail" N 12 logwatch@opus.cabril Sun Jun 22 04:02 156/4722 "Logwatch for opus.cabrillo.edu (Linux)" N 13 root@opus.cabrillo.e Sun Jun 22 04:02 47/1894 "Cron <root@opus> run-parts /etc/cron.dail" N 14 logwatch@opus.cabril Mon Jun 23 04:02 241/10770 "Logwatch for opus.cabrillo.edu (Linux)" N 15 root@opus.cabrillo.e Mon Jun 23 04:02 47/1894 "Cron <root@opus> run-parts /etc/cron.dail" N 16 logwatch@opus.cabril Tue Jun 24 04:02 3768/316984 "Logwatch for opus.cabrillo.edu (Linux)" N 17 root@opus.cabrillo.e Tue Jun 24 04:02 47/1894 "Cron <root@opus> run-parts /etc/cron.dail" N 18 logwatch@opus.cabril Wed Jun 25 04:02 3246/274685 "Logwatch for opus.cabrillo.edu (Linux)" N 19 root@opus.cabrillo.e Wed Jun 25 04:02 47/1894 "Cron <root@opus> run-parts /etc/cron.dail" N 20 logwatch@opus.cabril Thu Jun 26 04:02 1390/112446 "Logwatch for opus.cabrillo.edu (Linux)" N 21 root@opus.cabrillo.e Thu Jun 26 04:02 47/1894 "Cron <root@opus> run-parts /etc/cron.dail" N 22 logwatch@opus.cabril Fri Jun 27 04:02 72/2185 "Logwatch for opus.cabrillo.edu (Linux)" N 23 root@opus.cabrillo.e Fri Jun 27 04:02 47/1894 "Cron <root@opus> run-parts /etc/cron.dail" N 24 logwatch@opus.cabril Sat Jun 28 04:02 91/3228 "Logwatch for opus.cabrillo.edu (Linux)" N 25 root@opus.cabrillo.e Sat Jun 28 04:02 47/1894 "Cron <root@opus> run-parts /etc/cron.dail" N 26 logwatch@opus.cabril Sun Jun 29 04:02 150/6673 "Logwatch for opus.cabrillo.edu (Linux)" N 27 root@opus.cabrillo.e Sun Jun 29 04:02 47/1894 "Cron <root@opus> run-parts /etc/cron.dail" N 28 logwatch@opus.cabril Mon Jun 30 04:02 247/14351 "Logwatch for opus.cabrillo.edu (Linux)" N 29 root@opus.cabrillo.e Mon Jun 30 04:02 47/1894 "Cron <root@opus> run-parts /etc/cron.dail" N 30 logwatch@opus.cabril Tue Jul 1 04:02 395/20660 "Logwatch for opus.cabrillo.edu (Linux)" N 31 root@opus.cabrillo.e Tue Jul 1 04:02 47/1891 "Cron <root@opus> run-parts /etc/cron.dail" N 32 logwatch@opus.cabril Wed Jul 2 04:02 481/32664 "Logwatch for opus.cabrillo.edu (Linux)" N 33 root@opus.cabrillo.e Wed Jul 2 04:02 47/1891 "Cron <root@opus> run-parts /etc/cron.dail" N 34 logwatch@opus.cabril Thu Jul 3 04:02 102/3197 "Logwatch for opus.cabrillo.edu (Linux)" N 35 root@opus.cabrillo.e Thu Jul 3 04:02 47/1891 "Cron <root@opus> run-parts /etc/cron.dail" & 29

  41. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 logwatch & 11 Message 11: From root@benji.localdomain Tue Dec 2 10:47:06 2008 Date: Tue, 2 Dec 2008 10:47:06 -0800 To: root@benji.localdomain From: logwatch@benji.localdomain Subject: Logwatch for benji.localdomain (Linux) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" ################### Logwatch 7.3 (03/24/06) #################### Processing Initiated: Tue Dec 2 10:47:06 2008 Date Range Processed: yesterday ( 2008-Dec-01 ) Period is day. Detail Level of Output: 0 Type of Output: unformatted Logfiles for Host: benji.localdomain ################################################################## --------------------- Disk Space Begin ------------------------ Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 2.9G 2.5G 272M 91% / /dev/sda5 289M 234M 41M 86% /opt /dev/sda3 487M 77M 385M 17% /var /dev/sda7 196M 5.6M 181M 3% /home ---------------------- Disk Space End ------------------------- ###################### Logwatch End ######################### example email message from logwatch

  42. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 Configuring logwatch # cat /usr/share/logwatch/default.conf/logwatch.conf ######################################################## # This was written and is maintained by: # Kirk Bauer <kirk@kaybee.org> # # Please send all comments, suggestions, bug reports, # etc, to kirk@kaybee.org. # ######################################################## # NOTE: # All these options are the defaults if you run logwatch with no # command-line arguments. You can override all of these on the # command-line. # You can put comments anywhere you want to. They are effective for the # rest of the line. # this is in the format of <name> = <value>. Whitespace at the beginning # and end of the lines is removed. Whitespace before and after the = sign # is removed. Everything is case *insensitive*. # Yes = True = On = 1 # No = False = Off = 0 # Default Log Directory # All log-files are assumed to be given relative to this directory. LogDir = /var/log # You can override the default temp directory (/tmp) here TmpDir = /var/cache/logwatch # Default person to mail reports to. Can be a local account or a # complete email address. MailTo = root # Default person to mail reports from. Can be a local account or a # complete email address. MailFrom = Logwatch # If set to 'Yes', the report will be sent to stdout instead of being # mailed to above person. Print = No # if set, the results will be saved in <filename> instead of mailed # or displayed. #Save = /tmp/logwatch # Use archives? If set to 'Yes', the archives of logfiles # (i.e. /var/log/messages.1 or /var/log/messages.1.gz) will # be searched in addition to the /var/log/messages file. # This usually will not do much if your range is set to just # 'Yesterday' or 'Today'... it is probably best used with # Archives = Yes # Range = All # The default time range for the report... # The current choices are All, Today, Yesterday Range = yesterday # The default detail level for the report. # This can either be Low, Med, High or a number. # Low = 0 # Med = 5 # High = 10 Detail = Low < rest snipped > This file shows all the defaults being used by logwatch Level of detail is Low by default

  43. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 Configuring logwatch Edit /etc/logwatch/conf/logwatch.conf to modify defaults Read this for all options to set This line was added to override the default level of Low

  44. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 logwatch Message 14: From root@benji.localdomain Tue Dec 2 10:53:22 2008 Date: Tue, 2 Dec 2008 10:53:21 -0800 To: root@benji.localdomain From: logwatch@benji.localdomain Subject: Logwatch for benji.localdomain (Linux) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" ################### Logwatch 7.3 (03/24/06) #################### Processing Initiated: Tue Dec 2 10:53:21 2008 Date Range Processed: yesterday ( 2008-Dec-01 ) Period is day. Detail Level of Output: 10 Type of Output: unformatted Logfiles for Host: benji.localdomain ################################################################## --------------------- Cron Begin ------------------------ Commands Run: User root: /sbin/dump 0uf /backup/level0/backup-L0-`date +%Y-%d-%m`.dmp /home: 2 Time(s) /sbin/dump 1uf /backup/level1/backup-L1-`date +%Y-%d-%m`.dmp /home: 5 Time(s) /sbin/dump 2uf /backup/level2/backup-L2-`date '+: 4 Time(s) /sbin/dump 2uf /backup/level2/backup-L2-`date +: 5 Time(s) /sbin/dump 2uf /backup/level2/backup-L2-`date +%Y-%d-%m`.dmp /home: 14 Time(s) /sbin/dump 2uf /backup/level2/backup-L2.dmp /home: 2 Time(s) dump 1uf /backup/level1/backup-daily-$(date +: 1 Time(s) dump 2uf /backup/level2/backup-L2.dmp /home: 2 Time(s) dump 2uf /backup/level2/backup-daily-$(date +: 9 Time(s) logwatch report using High level of detail

  45. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 logwatch personal crontab deleted: 3 Time(s) personal crontab edited: 6 Time(s) personal crontab listed: 7 Time(s) personal crontab reloaded: 7 Time(s) personal crontab replaced: 11 Time(s) run-parts /etc/cron.daily: 1 Time(s) run-parts /etc/cron.hourly: 24 Time(s) run-parts /etc/cron.monthly: 1 Time(s) ---------------------- Cron End ------------------------- --------------------- sendmail Begin ------------------------ STATISTICS ---------- Bytes Transferred: 90737 Messages Processed: 92 Addressed Recipients: 92 Message recipients per delivery agent: Name # Rcpts local 46 --------------------- TOTAL: 46 in addition to 46 relay submission(s) from MSP logwatch report using High level of detail continued

  46. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 logwatch Message Size Distribution: Range # Msgs KBytes 0 - 10k 92 88 ---------------------------------- TOTAL 92 88 Avg. Size 0 Top 10 Email Recipients ---------------------------------- root@benji.localdomain : 46 emails Top relays (recipients/connections - min 10 rcpts, max 25 lines): 46/46: benji.localdomain [127.0.0.1] 46/46: root@localhost ---------------------- sendmail End ------------------------- --------------------- Syslogd Begin ------------------------ Syslogd started 1 Time(s) ---------------------- Syslogd End ------------------------- logwatch report using High level of detail continued

  47. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 logwatch logwatch report using High level of detail continued --------------------- Disk Space Begin ------------------------ Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 2.9G 2.5G 272M 91% / /dev/sda5 289M 234M 41M 86% /opt /dev/sda3 487M 77M 385M 17% /var /dev/sda7 196M 5.6M 181M 3% /home ---------------------- Disk Space End ------------------------- ###################### Logwatch End ######################### &

  48. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 logwatch the bad boys trying to break in … this is why you need strong passwords --------------------- SSHD Begin ------------------------ SSHD Killed: 1 Time(s) SSHD Started: 1 Time(s) Disconnecting after too many authentication failures for user: guest90 : 1 Time(s) Failed logins from: 76.254.22.196 (adsl-76-254-22-196.dsl.pltn13.sbcglobal.net): 2 times 201.7.115.194 (201-7-115-194.spopa302.ipd.brasiltelecom.net.br): 2135 times 210.240.12.14: 20 times Illegal users from: 201.7.115.194 (201-7-115-194.spopa302.ipd.brasiltelecom.net.br): 564 times 210.240.12.14: 42 times Users logging in through sshd: guest: 76.254.22.196 (adsl-76-254-22-196.dsl.pltn13.sbcglobal.net): 2 times jimg: 70.132.20.25 (adsl-70-132-20-25.dsl.snfc21.sbcglobal.net): 7 times ordazedw: 76.254.22.196 (adsl-76-254-22-196.dsl.pltn13.sbcglobal.net): 1 time root: 63.249.86.11 (dsl-63-249-86-11.cruzio.com): 3 times 70.132.20.25 (adsl-70-132-20-25.dsl.snfc21.sbcglobal.net): 1 time rsimms: 63.249.86.11 (dsl-63-249-86-11.cruzio.com): 2 times

  49. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 logwatch http://ws.arin.net/whois/?queryinput=201.7.115.194

  50. CIS 191 - Lesson 12 /var/log/secure Nov 30 06:02:24 opus sshd[27486]: Failed password for root from 202.119.60.132 port 36322 ssh2 Nov 30 06:02:24 opus sshd[27487]: Received disconnect from 202.119.60.132: 11: Bye Bye Nov 30 06:02:27 opus sshd[27488]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=cool.nju.edu.cn user=root Nov 30 06:02:29 opus sshd[27488]: Failed password for root from 202.119.60.132 port 36846 ssh2 Nov 30 06:02:29 opus sshd[27489]: Received disconnect from 202.119.60.132: 11: Bye Bye Nov 30 06:02:32 opus sshd[27490]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=cool.nju.edu.cn user=root Nov 30 06:02:33 opus sshd[27490]: Failed password for root from 202.119.60.132 port 37480 ssh2 Nov 30 06:02:34 opus sshd[27491]: Received disconnect from 202.119.60.132: 11: Bye Bye Nov 30 06:02:36 opus sshd[27492]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=cool.nju.edu.cn user=root Nov 30 06:02:38 opus sshd[27492]: Failed password for root from 202.119.60.132 port 38030 ssh2 Nov 30 06:02:39 opus sshd[27493]: Received disconnect from 202.119.60.132: 11: Bye Bye Nov 30 06:02:42 opus sshd[27494]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=cool.nju.edu.cn user=root Nov 30 06:02:43 opus sshd[27494]: Failed password for root from 202.119.60.132 port 38679 ssh2 Nov 30 06:02:43 opus sshd[27495]: Received disconnect from 202.119.60.132: 11: Bye Bye Nov 30 06:02:46 opus sshd[27496]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=cool.nju.edu.cn user=root Nov 30 06:02:48 opus sshd[27496]: Failed password for root from 202.119.60.132 port 39448 ssh2 Nov 30 06:02:48 opus sshd[27497]: Received disconnect from 202.119.60.132: 11: Bye Bye Nov 30 06:02:50 opus sshd[27498]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=cool.nju.edu.cn user=root The bad boys trying to break in as root … this is why you need strong passwords

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