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Understanding Patterns of Inheritance: Predicting Offspring Traits Through Genetics

This guide explores the fundamentals of inheritance patterns, focusing on how to predict offspring traits based on parental genetics. By examining genotypes and phenotypes—such as straight and floppy ears in rabbits—we illustrate the genetic basis of traits. It explains the significance of alleles inherited from each parent and how meiosis contributes to genetic variation. Utilizing Punnett squares, we analyze potential combinations when crossing homozygous and heterozygous parents. Learn how the encoding of traits can help us anticipate offspring characteristics.

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Understanding Patterns of Inheritance: Predicting Offspring Traits Through Genetics

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Patterns of Inheritance Notes QOTD: Can we predict what the offspring of two individuals will look like? Explain why or why not.

  2. For every trait you receive one allele from each parent Phenotype = Phenotype= Floppy-ears Straight-ears Genotype= SS or Ss Genotype= ss

  3. Genotype and Phenotype • Genotype – The genetic code of an organism • Phenotype – The physical characteristics that are created by that code.

  4. Crossing homozygous straight with homozygous floppy SS x ss What will be the offspring’s genotype? Ss What will be the offspring’s phenotype? Straight-ears

  5. Cross a homozygous floppy with heterozygous straight Ss x ss Offspring of two types possible: Ss or ss Heterozygous straight Homozygous floppy

  6. But what if we cross two heterozygous rabbits?Ss x Ss • Now we need to think about sexual reproduction again. How much DNA do you get from each parent? • Meiosis divides the number of chromosomes in half to make gametes. This process separates the two alleles of the parents. • Since genes are on chromosomes, we now have sperm with either S or s, and eggs with either S or s. We can put them in a Punnet square to see the possible outcomes.

  7. male female Parents: Ss Ss x meiosis S s S s Gametes: sperm eggs Recombining alleles Genotypes Phenotypes 1 SS 2 Ss 1 ss sS ss Straight Straight SS Ss Floppy

  8. Bikini Bottom Genetics!

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