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Ch. 35 The Nature of Light and the Laws of Geometric Optics

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Ch. 35 The Nature of Light and the Laws of Geometric Optics

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    1. 1 Ch. 35 ?? ??? ????? ?? (The Nature of Light and the Laws of Geometric Optics) ?? ??? ?? 2??? ?? ????? ???? ?? --??? ?? ?? ???

    2. 2 35.1 ?? ?? 19c ?? ?~ ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??; ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? 1678 ????(?) ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? 1801 ?; ?? ???? ???? ??? ???(????? ?????) 19c ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? 1873 Maxwell; ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? 1887 Hertz; ????? ??, ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????;(Hertz? ??); ???? ??? ??E? ?? ??? ?? ? ????? ?? ??? ; 1900 Planck ? ??? ??? ?? ; 1905 Einstein ? ?? ?? ? ?? ???!

    3. 35.3 ?? ???? ???? (The ray approximation in Geometric Optics) ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???. ????; ??? ??? ?? 3

    4. ??? ?? ?? ??? 4

    5. 5

    6. 6 34.4 ??(Reflection) ???(Specular reflection);???? ?(?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?)? ?? ???(Diffuse reflection); ?? ? ?) ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ?; ??? ??? ? ? ??

    7. 7 ??? ??(??&??)

    8. 8

    10. 10 ?) ???? ??? ??

    11. 11

    12. 12 35.5 ??(Refraction) ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ? ??. (A?B;B?A)

    13. 13

    14. 14

    15. 15 ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? (???? ??;??? ??? ??????) ??? ??? ???

    16. ??? 16

    17. ?? ? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? f? ??? ??? ??? ???. (??) A,B? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??. ??? ???? ???? ???. 17

    20. 20 35.6 Huygens principle ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? 2? ???(??; wavelet)? ???? ? ?? ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???!

    21. 21

    23. 35.7 ??? ???(Dispersion & Prisms) ??; ???? ??? ?? ???. ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ? ??? ?? ??? ? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? 23

    24. ???????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???. 24

    25. ???(??? ?? ?? ?) 25

    26. 26

    27. 35.8 ?????(Total internal reflection) ???? ? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ? 27

    28. 28 ? ???? ?? ???? ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????. ???; ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????(? 48?)

    29. 29

    30. 30 ?????? ??? 24.5?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?

    31. ??? 31

    32. 32 35.9 Fermats principle ??? ? ? ??? ??? ? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ? ??? ??

    33. 33 ???? (Law of Reflection) ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ; A?B ??? ?? ?? ?? ??(??? ??) ;???? ?? A?B ~ A?B

    34. 34 ??(Refraction) ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??; C=30? Km/s, ??; 3/4C, ?????; 1/4C ?? ? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ??(?? ??? ?? ??? ??) ? ???? ???? ??; ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??

    35. 35 ??? ??? ? ??? ?? A?B; ?? A?C; ??? ?? OC?? ? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ???. ? ????? ????? ?? (?? ?? ??? ?? ??)

    36. P12-08 M12-35 m09-35 m08-24 m06-40 m05-36 m04-42 36

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