Deforming the Earth’s Crust: Faulting

1. Deforming the Earth’s Crust: Faulting Pg. 117

2. What is a FAULT? When rock layers BREAKwhen stress is applied One block of rock slides relative to another

3. Narrow base block of angled crust What is the hanging wall, see page 114 Broad base block of angled crust the foot wall?

4. What is a normal fault? When the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall Occurs when tectonic forces cause tensionthat pull the blocks of rock apart

5. A normal fault

6. What is a REVERSE FAULT? When the Hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall Occurs when tectonic forces push the blocks of rock together (Compression)

7. A reverse fault

8. What are STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS? Form when opposing forces cause rock to break and move horizontally Example: California’s San Andreas fault

9. A strike slip fault Geologic Activity, http://www.nps.gov/pore/naturescience/geologicactivity.htm

10. Mountain Building • Occurs because of tectonic plate movement

11. What are folded mountains? Form at convergent plate boundaries Rock layers that are squeezed together Make the highest mountains in the world

12. Folded mountain Layers that are squeezed together

13. What are some examples of folded mountains? Appalachian mountains The Alps Himalayan Mountains

14. What are fault block mountains? Tension causes large blocks of rock to drop down Example: Teton Mountains, Wyoming

15. Fault block mountains Grand Tetons Wyoming

16. Volcanic Mountains

17. What is uplift and subsidence? Subsidence—the sinking of a region of the Earth’s crust Uplift—the rising of a region of the Earth’s crust

18. What is Tectonic Letdown? Sinking of a region of Earth due to tension Rift zone – a set of deep cracks that form between two plates that are pulling apart

19. Formation of a Rift ValleySequence showing how movements deep under the Earth's Crust help to create a Rift Valley