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MIGRATION AND OTHER SOCAIL PROCESES

MIGRATION AND OTHER SOCAIL PROCESES . SAXIE 2006. Migration. 1. Types of Migration What are the major forms of migration? 2. Selective Migration Why migration can be considered as a selective process? 3. Brain Drain What is the extent of movements of skilled labor?. Types of Migration.

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MIGRATION AND OTHER SOCAIL PROCESES

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  1. MIGRATION AND OTHER SOCAIL PROCESES SAXIE 2006

  2. Migration • 1. Types of Migration • What are the major forms of migration? • 2. Selective Migration • Why migration can be considered as a selective process? • 3. Brain Drain • What is the extent of movements of skilled labor?

  3. Types of Migration • Emigration and immigration • Change in residence. • Relative to origin and destination. • Requires information • People and conditions. • Two different places. • Two different times. • Duration • Permanent. • Seasonal / Temporary. • Choice / constraint • Improve one’s life. • Leave inconvenient / threatening conditions. A Problems or benefits? Emigrant Immigrant B Problems or benefits?

  4. Types of Migration • Gross migration • Total number of people coming in and out of an area. • Level of population turnover. • Net Migration • Difference between immigration (in-migration) and emigration (out-migration). • Positive value: • More people coming in. • Population growth. • 44% of North America and 88% of Europe. • Negative value: • More people coming out. • Population decline. Gross migration Immigration Emigration Net migration

  5. Annual Net International Migration by Continent, 1990-95

  6. Net Migration, 2000-05

  7. Types of Migration • International Migration • Emigration is an indicator of economic and/or social failures of a society. • Crossing of a national boundary. • Easier to control and monitor. • Laws to control / inhibit these movements. • Between 2 million and 3 million people emigrate each year. • Between 1965 and 2000, 175 million people have migrated: • 3% of the global population.

  8. Migration Policies and Global Migration Patterns

  9. World Migration Routes Since 1700 European African (slaves) Indian Chinese Japanese Majority of population descended from immigrants

  10. Major International Migration Patterns, 1990s

  11. International Migration: Main Destination Countries, 1997

  12. Region of Birth of the Foreign-Born Population: 1850 to 2000

  13. Types of Migration • Local Migration • No state boundaries are crossed. • Buying a new house in the same town or city. • Difficult to research since they are usually missed in census data. • Based on change of income or lifestyle. • Often very high levels of local migration. • Americans change residence every 5 to 7 years. Central City Suburb

  14. Types of Migration • Voluntary migration • The migrant makes the decision to move. • Most migration is voluntary. • Involuntary • Forced migration in which the mover has no role in the decision-making process. • Slavery: • About 11 million African slaves were brought to the Americas between 1519 and 1867. • In 1860, there were close to 4 million slaves in the United States. • Refugees. • Military conscription. • Children of migrants. • Situations of divorce or separation.

  15. Types of Migration

  16. Population Pyramid of Native and Foreign Born Population,Europe 2000 (in %) Foreign Born Native Male Female Age Male Female

  17. Brain Drain • Definition • Relates to educationally specific selective migrations. • Some countries are losing the most educated segment of their population. • Can be both a benefit for the receiving country and a problem to the country of origin. • Receiving country • Getting highly qualified labor contributing to the economy right away. • Promotes economic growth in strategic sectors: science and technology. • Not having to pay education and health costs. • 30% of Mexicans with a PhD are in the US.

  18. World Urban Population, 1950-2000 with Projections to 2020 (in billions)

  19. Annual Growth of World and Urban Populations, 1950-2030 (in millions)

  20. PRODUCER : • Kostadin Radkov VG “A.S.P. Koroljov” Dupnica 2006,All rights reserved ®

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