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NINLHE July 25, 2006

NINLHE July 25, 2006. Recruitment of Native American Students: Best Practices Reviewed Nadine L. Bill (Upper Skagit) Administrative Fellow Harvard University Native American Program John F. Kennedy School of Government Augustine McCaffery (Comanche) Ed.C. Senior Academic Program Specialist

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NINLHE July 25, 2006

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  1. NINLHEJuly 25, 2006 • Recruitment of Native American Students: Best Practices Reviewed • Nadine L. Bill (Upper Skagit) Administrative Fellow Harvard University Native American Program John F. Kennedy School of Government • Augustine McCaffery (Comanche) Ed.C. Senior Academic Program Specialist The Graduate School, Office of Academic Programs University of Washington

  2. Two million new full-time college/university students are expected by 2010 (Maclay,2000) How many students will be Native Americans/Alaska Natives? Where will they go?

  3. National Overview on American Indian/Alaska StudentsWhere are we in higher education today? • Enrollment in college/universities more than doubled in the past 25 years. • 2002 – Native students represented 1% of the total enrollment in the U.S. • 2002 – more than half of Native students attended 4-year institutions • 8% of all American Indian/Alaska Native students were enrolled in tribally controlled colleges • 1976-1994 more Native students attended 2-year rather than 4-year institutions. • By the Mid-1990s, more Native students were attending 4-year rather than 2-year institutions. • 1976-2002, college/university enrollment of Native women and men grew at different rates. By 2002, enrollment of women compared to men represented a difference of 20 percentage points (women 100,200 – men, 65,700) • 2003, Natives between 18-24 years old were less likely to be pursuing higher education compared to White, Asian/Pacific Islander and Black peers. Source: Status and Trends in the Education of American Indians and Alaska Natives, U.S. Department of Education (NCES, 2005)

  4. AI/AN enrollment in public and private degree granting institution by type of institution and sex: Selected years , 1976 to 2002 • NOTE: Data from 1976 to 1996 are for institutions of higher education that were accredited by an agency or association that was recognized by the U.S. Department of Education, or recognized directly by the Secretary of Education. Data from 1996 and later years are for degree-granting institutions. The new degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, except that it includes someadditional institutions, primarily 2-year colleges, and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not award associate or higher degrees. Data for 1999 were imputed using alternative procedures. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics, 2004 (forthcoming), based on Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), "Fall Enrollment in Colleges and Universities" surveys; and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), "Fall Enrollment" surveys, 1976 to 1999, and Spring 2001 through Spring 2003 surveys. Enrollment of American Indian/Alaska Native students in colleges and universities more than doubled in the past 25 years. American Indian/Alaska Native students accounted for 1 percent of the 2002 total enrollment.

  5. Enrollment in tribally controlled colleges: Fall 1997 to 2002 SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics, various years, based on Integrated Postsecondary Education System (IPEDS), "Fall Enrollment" surveys, 1997 to 1999, and Spring 2001 through Spring 2003 surveys. Total enrollment in tribally controlled colleges was nearly 16,000 in fall 2002.

  6. Degree Completion Rates Of 100 students that enter 9th grade, 60 will complete high school, 20 may pursue a higher education and about 3 will complete a bachelor’s degree.(Tierney, 1993) • 2000 – Degree completion rates for America Indians/Alaska Natives who were 12th graders in 1992 and were likely to be enrolled in 4-year institutions:They were less likely to have completed a bachelor’s degree. • 11% of Native students completed bachelor’s degrees versus 31% for the total student population. They were less likely to have completed a graduate degree. • 2% received a graduate degree versus to 6% of the total student population. • The number Native students completing degrees since 1976 has more than doubled at the associate, bachelor and advanced degree levels. Source: Status and Trends in the Education of American Indians and Alaska Natives, U.S. Department of Education, NCES 2005-108

  7. Degree Completion Rates(continued) (Astin, 2005/06) • 4-year degree completion rates have been declining. Students are taking longer to complete bachelor’s degrees. • Degree completion rates vary by type of institution: • Private universities have highest 6-year rate for degree completion (79.6%) • Public colleges have the lowest rate (47.4%) • Gender differences for a 4-year period: • Overall population, women are more likely to complete bachelor’s degrees in 4 years. • Racial Groups for a 6-year period: • American Indians/Alaska Natives have the lowest degree attainment rates at 42.1% compared to Asian Americans (65.2%), Whites (58.8%), African Americans (46.3%), Mexican Americans/Chicanas/os (46.0%). Astin, A.W., Alexander, & Oseguera, L. (2005). Degree Attainment Rates at American Colleges and Universities. Revised Edition. Los Angeles: Higher Education Research Institute, UCLA.

  8. Percentage of 1992 12th graders who were likely post secondary participants who completed a bachelors degree or higher by 2000 by race and ethnicity NOTE: "Likely postsecondary participants" include those for whom transcripts were received, those for whom transcripts were requested but not received, and those for whom other evidence in the NELS files supports the student's report of postsecondary attendance. "Bachelor's degree or above" includes bachelor's degrees, incomplete graduate degrees and nondegree post-baccalaureate work, master's, first-professional, and doctoral degrees. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS:88/2000), "Fourth Follow-up," and Postsecondary Education Transcript Study (PETS), 2000. American Indians/Alaska Natives were less likely to earn a bachelor's or higher degree than their peers.

  9. Variables of Native American Recruitment • Academic Preparation • Knowing your populations – e.g. First generation • Institutional Support • Native Communities and Institutional Relationships

  10. Academic Preparation – Predictors of degree completion (Astin,2005/06) • Measures of freshman academic preparation were the strongest predictors of degree completion • Other predictors – • Years of foreign language study • Years of physical science in high school Astin, A.W., Alexander, & Oseguera, L. (2005). Degree Attainment Rates at American Colleges and Universities. Revised Edition. Los Angeles: Higher Education Research Institute, UCLA.

  11. Academic Preparation – Predictors of degree completion (Astin,2005/06) • Demographic predictors • Father’s level of education- students who come from well educated families have an advantage to complete a degree • Students degree of “social capital” plays a role in degree completion over and above the effects academic preparation and other personal factors Astin, A.W., Alexander, & Oseguera, L. (2005). Degree Attainment Rates at American Colleges and Universities. Revised Edition. Los Angeles: Higher Education Research Institute, UCLA.

  12. Academic Preparation – Predictors of degree completion (Astin,2005/06) • Personal Characteristics • Students self concept of their emotional health • Spirituality • Doing Volunteer Work • Environmental Characteristics Place of Residence - living on campus/residence hall Financial Aid Major Field of Study Astin, A.W., Alexander, & Oseguera, L. (2005). Degree Attainment Rates at American Colleges and Universities. Revised Edition. Los Angeles: Higher Education Research Institute, UCLA.

  13. Academic Preparation – Predictors of degree completion (Astin,2005/06) • College Characteristics • Choice of College – Highly Selective Availability of superior resources Motivating effect of a peer group which possess high aspirations and is exceptionally well prepared academically Astin, A.W., Alexander, & Oseguera, L. (2005). Degree Attainment Rates at American Colleges and Universities. Revised Edition. Los Angeles: Higher Education Research Institute, UCLA.

  14. Average SAT scores for college-bound seniors, by race/ethnicity: 2004 NOTE: Test-takers were asked to self-identify a single racial/ethnic group. Scores for both Verbal and Mathematics range from 0 to 800. SOURCE: College Entrance Examination Board, College Bound Seniors Report, 2004.American Indians/Alaska Natives score lower, on average, than Whites on the SAT and ACT.

  15. Recruitment vs. Admissions • How does your institution translate the recruitment of Native American students to admission offers? • How do shifts in institutional polices affect the admission rates of Native American students?

  16. Institutional Support for Native American Recruitment Activities • Alumni • Advisory Boards that involve Tribal Representatives • Involvement of Faculty & Staff– Native and Non-Native • Student lead Programs – Student Ambassadors

  17. Best Practices in Preparation of Native Students for College and University Admissions • Pre-College Programming • Upward Bound • Summer Bridge Program • College Horizons • EIP – Early Identification Program • McNair Scholars • Graduate Horizons

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