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This overview discusses the FAA's efforts to enhance general aviation (GA) safety by adopting new technologies and standardizing cockpit displays and avionics. It highlights the challenges of transitioning to new technologies, the importance of better guidance for pilots, and lessons learned from GPS and wiring standardization. The goal is to reduce the fatal accident rate, currently averaging one per day, by improving situational awareness and reducing pilot workload. The document outlines future policy directions and calls for coordinated efforts between the FAA and industry stakeholders.
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Integrated Part 23Cockpit Displays Wes Ryan 816-329-4127 Dec, 2004 FAA Small Airplane Directorate Aircraft Certification Service
Overview • GA in Transition • Standardization • Lessons Learned - GPS • Better Guidance • Cockpit Standardization • AML process • Wiring • New technology & Coordination
GA in Transition • Finally transitioning to new technology New 40+ yrs old
GA in Transition – Accidents We hope to reduce the accident rate by providing better information to the pilot. • Currently average 1 fatal accident a day • Accident rate/numbers relatively flat • CFIT and LOC are still primary concern • Seek to reduce fatal GA accident rate • Safer skies proposed use of technology • Reducing pilot workload is paramount
GA in Transition - Technology Change is always a challenge • May improve situational awareness and reduce pilot workload – but can the average pilot use it? • Guidance frequently plays catch-up. First approval helps generate new guidance • Lessons learned, but some areas still need clarification - GPS, Displays, Wiring
Standardization Lessons Learned – First Generation GPS • Questions regarding design approval, installation approval, and operations • Non-standardization of functionality - Challenges for rental pilot & training • Coordination & Guidance could be better • Field approvals & follow on approvals, when are they appropriate?
Standardization Better Guidance • Provide clearer and more timely guidance – incorporate lessons learned • Streamline installation approval for part 23 avionics and improve the level of safety • Streamlining is not an excuse to “lower the bar” • Goal to get safety enhancing technologies to existing fleet to reduce accidents
Standardization - GPS Guidance - AC 20-138A • Incorporates lessons learned + Clarifies installation requirements • GPS no longer “new technology” • Not all GPS installation treated as minor alterations – this needs clarification • Working on clarification with Flight Standards for AFM supplement issues
Standardization - Guidance Changes to Existing Guidance • AC 23.1311-1B – Electronic Displays (public comment) • AC 23-17B – Systems and equipment (public comment) New Guidance • AC 23-21 – Checklist for major alterations (final) • AC 23-22 – Approved Model List (AML) (public comment closed in November) • AC 23-23 – Integrated cockpits (final)
Standardization - Cockpits GAMA Pub 12 - Cockpit Standardization • Industry and FAA participation • Expands on AC 23.1311, but doesn’t take precedence • Meant to streamline certification • States acceptable minimum standard • Make glass-to-glass transition easier • AC 23-23 references as acceptable means
Standardization - AML Draft AC 23-22 for Approved Model List • Defines formal process requirements • Not an excuse to lower the bar • Best suited for simple installations • Prototyping approach for complex systems • Further showing of compliance probably needed for complex systems
Standardization - Wiring A Part 23 Policy • Flammability memo has been released • Internal Stop–gap to let everyone know that AC 43-13 is still useful – still in works • Ties wiring detail to cert basis of airplane being modified – need to add wire marking info ASTM F39 Consensus Standard • Industry and FAA to generate a detailed part 23 “best practices” wiring manual • Include flammability policy concepts
FAA & TCCA Coordination Coordination meeting held - Oct 5-6, 2004 • Your concerns are similar to ours – we have agreed to work together to solve them • Future coordination is a must for new technology and guidance efforts • Informal communication when issues come up will help
Standardization – Future Plans Policy on AFM revisions • FAR 23.1581 • Streamlining process for Recips < 6000 lbs AC 23-24 - Common STC checklists • Similar to AC 23-21 for major alterations • Ensures completeness of data for common modifications. • “Level the playing field” and clarify issues
New Technology - Synthetic & Enhanced Vision Sensor or Database Image • Synthetic Vision • Chelton already certified • Generating policy • Enhanced Vision • “SA” only is not enough • Define intended function • Generating policy
New Technology – MEMS AHRS Digital AHRS Sensors • Quality of Sensors Varies • Drift rate • Reliability • Integration of Systems Varies • GPS, ADC, AHRS Systems no longer federated • External data • Failure Modes • New TSO needed for digital AHRS?
New Technology – Airborne Surveillance Infrared and Visible Spectrum Lasers UAVs
Questions? wes.ryan@faa.gov 816-329-4127