Lecci ó n 2

1. Lección 2 El presente de los verbos regulares que terminan en -ar

2. A bit about regular verbs • In Spanish, there are many verbs that are considered regular verbs because they follow rules of conjugation. • The verb “llamar” means “to call,” and it is a regular verb in the present tense. You have already learned how to conjugate this verb.

3. Present tense of regular –ar verbs • Infinitive forms of Spanish verbs end in either –ar, -er, or –ir. They translate as “ to + verb.” (llamar = to call) • The infinitive ending needs to be dropped in order to conjugate the verb to make it agree with the subject. • The new ending of the verb tells you the tense and the subject (who is performing the action).

4. The stem of the verb tells you the meaning. • For example, the llam in the verb llamar indicates the meaning “ call.” • The ending –ar indicates the infinitive “to call.” • When we drop –ar, and add: - o, -as - a, -amos, - áis, -an to the stem llam we can tell the subject of the verb and that the verb is present tense.

5. Llamar = to call • Yo llamo Nosotros llamamos • Tú llamas Vosotros llamáis • Ud. llama Uds. llaman • Él llama Ellos llaman • Ella llama Ellas llaman

6. Translation of the present tense in Spanish is just like English. • Yo llamo = I call; I am calling; I do call • Tú llamas = You call; You are calling; You do call • Ud. llama = You call; You are calling; You do call • Él llama = He calls, He is calling, He does call • Ella llama = She calls, She is calling; She does call • Nosotros llamamos= We call; We are calling; We do call • Vosotros llamáis = You call; You are calling; You do call • Uds. llaman = You call; You are calling; You do call • Ellos llaman = They call; They are calling; They do call • Ellas llaman = They call; They are calling; They do call

7. Present tense to express near future • Sometimes, Spanish speakers use the present tense to express the near future, such as within the same day or tomorrow. • Spanish speakers do not use the present progressive (to be + ing) to express the future! Llamo a Juan mañana. = I am calling Juan tomorrow.

8. Applying the rule of conjugation for –ar regular verbs • Just as we dropped the –arand added the endings -o, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an to the stem of llamar (llam) we do the same for all other regular –ar verbs. • The verbs on page 45 of your text are regular –ar verbs.

9. Hablar = to speak • Yo hablo Nosotros hablamos • Tú hablas Vosotros habláis • Ud. habla Uds. hablan • Él habla Ellos hablan • Ella habla Ellas hablan

10. ¡OJO ! • Four of the –ar verbs on page 45 include a preposition in the English meaning of the verb, but do not add a Spanish preposition. • buscar = to look for Busco un libro. • escuchar = to listen to Escucho la música. • esperar = to wait for Espero el autobús. • mirar = to look atMiro la televisión. (to watch)

11. Verbs that combine with other verbs • Some verbs are special because they are used with other verbs. • When two verbs are used right next to one another with no change in the subject, the first one is conjugated to agree with the subject. The second one generally remains in the infinitive form.

12. Verbs used with other verbs • necesitar = to need • desear = to desire; to wish • esperar = to hope Por ejemplo: Necesito estudiar. = I need to study. Deseamos viajar. = We wish to travel. Esperas trabajar. = You hope to work.

13. One subject with more than one action • When a subject is performing more than one action in the same sentence, all of the verbs must be conjugated to agree with the subject. • The verbs are connected by the word “y.” • In Spanish, no comma comes before “y.”

14. (Yo) bailo y (yo) canto. = • I sing and (I) dance. • Los chicos conversan, preguntan y contestan. = • The boys chat, question, and answer.

15. Two subjects in the same sentence • If there are two or more subjects in the same sentence, the verbs must agree with their respective subjects. Mrs. Melanson teaches and the students listen. La señora Melanson enseña y los estudiantes escuchan.

16. Negation • To make a statement negative, use a negative word before the conjugated verb. • Some common negative words are: no, nadie, and nunca.

17. Subject + no + verb = Subject + do/does+ not+verb Tú no estudias. = You do not study. Nadie + verb = No one (Nobody) + verb Nadie escucha. = No one (Nobody) listens. Subject +nunca + verb. = Subject + never + verb. Ella nunca trabaja. = She never works.