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Chapter 15 Program Development and Programming Languages

Chapter 15 Program Development and Programming Languages. What is a computer program ?. Set of instructions that directs computer to perform tasks. What Is a Computer Program?. programming language

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Chapter 15 Program Development and Programming Languages

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  1. Chapter 15Program Development and Programming Languages

  2. What is a computer program? Set of instructions that directs computer to perform tasks What Is a Computer Program? programming language Set of words, symbols, and codes that enables a programmer to communicate instructions to a computer Next p.15.2

  3. What is the program development life cycle (PDLC)? Steps followed to build computer programs The Program Development Life Cycle Next p.15.22 Fig. 15-1

  4. How is program development related to system development? Program development is ongoing process within system development The Program Development Life Cycle Next p.15.3 Fig. 15-2

  5. What is involved in analyzing the problem? Step 1 – Analyze Problem Review program specifications package Meet with systems analyst and users Identify each program’s input, output, and processing components Next p.15.4

  6. What is an IPO chart? Identifies program’s inputs, outputs, and processing steps Used to establish design specifications Step 1 – Analyze Problem Next p.15.4 Fig. 15-3

  7. What is involved in designing programs? Step 2 – Design Programs top-down design Focuses on whatprogram should do structured design Focuses on how to build program based on requirements Next p.15.5

  8. What is a hierarchy chart? Used to show program modules graphically Also called structure chart or top-down chart Step 2 – Design Programs Next p.15. 6Fig. 15-4

  9. What is structured design? Technique that builds all program logic from combination of three basic control structures Step 2 – Design Programs sequence control structure selection control structure repetition control structure Next Click to view Web Link then click Structured Design p.15.6

  10. What is a sequence control structure? Shows one or more actions following each other in order Actions could be Inputs Processes Outputs Step 2 – Design Programs Next p.15.7 Fig. 15-5

  11. What is a selection control structure? Tells program which action to take, based on a certain condition Step 2 – Design Programs if-then-else control structure case control structure Next p.15.7

  12. What is an if-then-else control structure? Step 2 – Design Programs Next p.15.7 Fig. 15-6

  13. What is a case control structure? Step 2 – Design Programs Next p.15.7 Fig. 15-7

  14. What is a repetition control structure? Used when program performs one or more actions repeatedly as long as certain condition is met Step 2 – Design Programs do-while control structure do-until control structure Next p.15.8

  15. What is a do-while control structure? Repeats one or more times as long as condition is true Step 2 – Design Programs Next p.15.8 Fig. 15-8

  16. What is a do-until control structure? Tests condition at end of loop Step 2 – Design Programs Next p.15.8 Fig. 15-9

  17. No dead code No infinite loops One entry point One exit point What is a proper program? Step 2 – Design Programs dead code Any code, or program instruction, that program never executes infinite loop Set of instructions that repeats continuously entry point Location where program, module, or control structure begins exit point Location where it ends Next p.15.8

  18. How are entry and exit points shown? Each control structure should have one entry point and one exit point Step 2 – Design Programs Next p.15.9 Fig. 15-10

  19. What is a program flowchart? Graphically shows logic in a solution algorithm Step 2 – Design Programs Next p.15.10 Fig. 15-12

  20. What is a Nassi-Schneiderman (N-S) chart? Graphically shows logic in a solution algorithm Step 2 – Design Programs Next p.15.11 Fig. 15-14

  21. What is pseudocode? Uses condensed form of English to convey program logic Step 2 – Design Programs Next p.15.12 Fig. 15-15

  22. What is a quality review? Review of program design Desk check Structured walkthrough Step 2 – Design Programs logic error Design flaw that causes inaccurate results Next p.1512

  23. What is involved in coding programs? Two steps Translating solution algorithm into a programming language Entering programming language code into the computer Step 3 – Code Programs Next p.15.13 Fig. 15-16

  24. What is involved in testing programs? Goal is to ensure program runs correctly and is error free Three types of errors Syntax Logic Run time Step 4 – Test Programs Next p.15.13

  25. What is debugging? Process of locating and correcting syntax and logic errors in program Step 4 – Test Programs Next p.15.14 Fig. 15-17

  26. What is involved in formalizing a solution? Programmer performs two activities Reviews program code Reviews documentation Step 5 – Formalize Solution Next p.15.15

  27. What is involved in maintaining programs? Two activities Identify errors Identify enhancements Involves modifying existing programs to improve their functionality Step 6 – Maintain Programs Next p.15.15

  28. What are the categories of programming languages? Categories of Programming Languages assembly languages machine languages third-generation languages fourth-generation languages fifth-generation languages Next Click to viewanimation Click to view video p.15.16

  29. What are low- and high-level programming languages? Categories of Programming Languages low-level language Programming language that is machine-dependent high-level language Language that is machine-independent Machine-dependent language Runs only on oneparticular computer Machine-independent language Can run on many different types of computers Third-generation, fourth-generation, and fifth-generation languages are high-level Machine and assembly languages are low-level Next p.15.16

  30. What is machine language? Only language computer understands directly Categories of Programming Languages Next Click to viewanimation p.15.16 Fig. 15-18

  31. What is assembly language? Instructions madeup of symbolic instruction codes Categories of Programming Languages Next p.15.16 Fig. 15-19

  32. What is a third-generation language (3GL)? Uses a series of English-like words to write instructions Procedural language Requires program instructions to tell computer whatto accomplish and how to do it Categories of Programming Languages Next Click to viewanimation p.15.18 Fig. 15-20

  33. What is a compiler? Program that converts entire source program into machine language before executing it Categories of Programming Languages Next p.15.18 Fig. 15-20

  34. What is an interpreter? Program that translates and executes one program code statement at a time Does not produce an object program Categories of Programming Languages Next p.15.18 Fig. 15-21

  35. What is a fourth-generation language (4GL)? Syntax is closer to human language than that of a 3GL SQL and report generator are examples Categories of Programming Languages Next • Nonprocedural language • Programmer specifies only what the program should accomplish; it does not explain how p.15.19 Fig. 15-22

  36. What is a fifth-generation language (5GL) ? Provides visual or graphical interface for creating source code Visual Basic.NET is an example Categories of Programming Languages Next p.15.20 Fig. 15-25

  37. What is the object-oriented (OO) approach? Programmer can package data and program (or procedure) into a single unit, called an object Class is larger category of objects Object-Oriented Program Development Next p.15.20

  38. What is an object-oriented programming (OOP) language? Language that uses the OO approach OOP is event-driven Checks for and responds to set of events C++ is complete object-oriented language Object-Oriented Program Development event OOP term for message Next Click to view Web Link then click Object-Oriented Programming Languages p.15.21

  39. What are the most widely used programming languages? Hundreds of programming languages exist Programming Languages Java Visual Basic BASIC C C++ RPG COBOL Next p.15.22

  40. What is BASIC? Designed for use as a simple, interactive problem-solving language Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code Programming Languages Next p.15.22 Fig. 15-24

  41. What is Visual Basic? Windows-based application that assists programmers in developing event-driven Windows-based applications Programming Languages Next Click to view Web Link then click Visual Basic p.15.22 Fig. 15-25

  42. What is COBOL? Procedural language with English-like statements that make it easy to read, write, and maintain CommonBusiness-OrientedLanguage 70 billionlines ofcode exist Programming Languages Next p.15.24 Fig. 15-26

  43. What is C? Powerful language designed primarily to write system software Programming Languages Next p.15.25 Fig. 15-27

  44. What is C++? Object-oriented programming language Includes all elements of C language, plus additional features for working with object-oriented concepts Programming Languages C# Called C Sharp Newer programming language that combines features of C and C++ Best suited for development of Web applications Next Click to view Web Link then click C++ p.15.25

  45. What is RPG? Easy-to-write nonprocedural language used primarily in small businesses Report Program Generator Programming Languages Next p.15.26 Fig. 15-28

  46. What are program development tools? User-friendly software products designed to help both program developers and nontechnical users create solutions to information requirements Program Development Tools application generators RAD tools: Visual Basic, Delphi, and PowerBuilder macros Next p.15.27

  47. What is Visual Basic for Applications (VBA)? Used to write own macros in Word, Excel, Access, and PowerPoint Use objects, classes, and other object-oriented concepts Program Development Tools Loan Data button Macro dialog box VBA macro used to automate an auto loan computation Next Macro dialog box in Excel window guiding user through the data entry process p.15.28 Fig. 15-31

  48. What Web page development tools are available? Web Page Program Development HTML XHTML, XML, and WML Dynamic HTML Scripts, Applets, Servlets, and ActiveX Controls Java, JavaScript, VBScript, and Perl Web page authoring software Next p.15.31

  49. Web Page Program Development Next How does HTML code look? p.15.31 Fig. 15-33

  50. How are special effects and forms added to a Web page? Web Page Program Development scriptInterpreted program that runson client appletAlso usually runs on client,but is compiled servletApplet that runs on server ActiveX controlSmall program that runs on client Next p.15.32

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