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Trials and Juries

This chapter examines the rights guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment in criminal prosecutions, focusing on the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury. It explores the historical context of trial by jury, starting from Athens, and discusses key court cases related to jury size and unanimity. Key issues in trial procedures, the burden of proof, types of evidence, and various defenses, including alibi and insanity, are addressed. Additionally, it covers post-verdict motions and significant jury-related topics such as nullification and sequestering.

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Trials and Juries

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  1. Trials and Juries Chapter Fourteen

  2. Sixth Amendment (revisited) • In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witness against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining Witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense.

  3. Primary Purpose of the Jury

  4. Historical Perspective • Trial by Jury first used in Athens 500 or 600 B.C.

  5. Jury Size • Williams v. Florida: • Ballew v. Georgia:

  6. Jury Unanimity • Johnson v. Louisiana: • Apodaca v. Oregon: • Burch v. Louisiana:

  7. Constitutional Issues • Taylor v. Louisiana: • Batson v. Kentucky: • Georgia v. McCollum: • J.E.B. Petitioner v. Alabama:

  8. Jury Selection Three steps:

  9. Peremptory Challenges • Method for excusing a potential juror without specifying the reason.

  10. Steps of the Criminal Trial

  11. Steps of the Criminal Trial Continued ...

  12. Burden of Proof • The Prosecution must prove the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

  13. Types of Evidence • Real (Relevant) Evidence: • Testimony: • Direct Evidence: • Circumstantial Evidence:

  14. Rules of Evidence • Trustworthiness. • Best-Evidence Rule: • Hearsay Evidence:

  15. Relevancy • Evidence must be relevant to the case.

  16. Scientific Evidence

  17. Defenses • Alibi Defenses • Affirmative Defenses

  18. Insanity Defense • McNaughton Rule: • Irresistible Impulse: • Substantial Capacity Test:

  19. Post-Verdict Motions • Motion in Arrest of Judgment • Motion for new trial

  20. Jury Issues • Jury Nullification: • Jury Sequestering:

  21. Related Court Issues • Venue • Change of venue motions • Gag Order • Contempt of Court

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