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Understanding Internet Protocol (IP) Packet Formats and Networking Basics

Explore the fundamentals of Internet Protocol (IP) packet formats, including IPv4 and IPv6 structures, TCP and UDP headers, and ICMP message types. Learn how data is encapsulated and transmitted over networks.

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Understanding Internet Protocol (IP) Packet Formats and Networking Basics

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  1. Internet Protocol Formats

  2. IP (V4) Packet byte 0 byte1 byte 2 byte 3 Version IHL Serv. Type Total Length data ... – up to 65 K including heading info Identifcation flags Fragment Offset TTL Protocol Header Checksum source address destination address options... Unused Padding

  3. IP (V6) Packet byte 0 byte1 byte 2 byte 3 Version Traffic Class (16)Flow Label (20 bits) data – up to 65K Payload Length Next Hops source address destination address

  4. UDP Header byte 0 byte1 byte 2 byte 3 Source Port Destination Port Length Checksum data.... This sites in the data portion of the IP packet. LIterally, its the next layer.

  5. TCP Header byte 0 byte1 byte 2 byte 3 Source Port Dest. Port Sequence Number Acknowlegement Number U A P R S FWindow Offset Reserved Checksum Urgent Pointer options... Unused Padding Data ....... Like UDP... All this sits inside the data area of an IP packet

  6. ICMP (basic) byte 0 byte1 byte 2 byte 3 Type Code Checksum

  7. ICMP Type 3 – Dest. Unreachable byte 0 byte1 byte 2 byte 3 Type Code Checksum Unused Internet Header + 64 bits of original datagram

  8. ICMP Types 8 (echo) 0 (echo Reply) byte 0 byte1 byte 2 byte 3 Type Code Checksum Identifier Sequence Number Data ....

  9. ICMP Timestamp and Reply (Types 13,14 ) byte 0 byte1 byte 2 byte 3 Type Code Checksum Identifier Sequence Number Original Timestamp Timestamp @dest receipt Timestamp @ dest. reply

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