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Enhancing Traditional Engineering for Water Management in Hadramawt, Yemen

The Hadramawt region of Yemen, characterized by its extremely low rainfall of just 50 mm/year, faces significant challenges from irregular and heavy floods. This necessitates innovative engineering solutions to prevent destruction in command and residential areas. A mix of traditional and modern methods has been applied, improving structures such as dyke systems, spillways, and water distribution channels. These enhancements focus on groundwater recharge and effective flood management while maintaining the cultural heritage of traditional water engineering practices.

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Enhancing Traditional Engineering for Water Management in Hadramawt, Yemen

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  1. 6.9Case: Hadramawt Improved Traditional Engineering

  2. YEMEN WADI HADRAMAWT Rainfall isohyets

  3. Hadramawt: special characteristics • Extremely low rainfall (50 mm/year) • Very irregular and often heavy floods • Special efforts to avoid that large floods destroy command area and residential area) much attention for spillways( • Groundwater and hence recharge is important

  4. MANY LARGE FARMER-BUILT STRUCTURES IN HADRAMAWT

  5. Al Powirigat Traditional Dyke Water Master In many systems the traditionalstructures have been improvedthrough a mix of modern and traditional techniques

  6. Special structures Diversion structures • Bunds and dykes • Traditional abutments • Spillways • Recharge bunds Command area structures • Water distribution structures • Field to field overflow structures • Low flow field intakes

  7. DIVERSION STRUCTURES • Bunds and dykes • Traditional abutments • Spillways • Recharge bunds

  8. Traditional dyke at Hadramaut

  9. Traditional diversion dyke – at angle with the flow of the river

  10. TRADITIONAL DYKE: SPILLWAY/ OVERFLOW

  11. SPILLWAYWITH STEPPEDSTONES AL ROMALYATRADITIONALWEIRREINFORCEDWITH CONCRETE

  12. FLOOD CHANNEL INTAKE TRADITIONAL ABUTMENT BREACH-ABLE EARTHENBUND TO BREAK IN HIGHFLOODS AND RELEASE FLOOD WATER INTO THERIVER

  13. TRADITIONAL ABUTMENT

  14. LIME MORTAR STRUCTURES

  15. TRADITIONAL INTAKE IN HADRAMUAT

  16. MOZA SIBHAM DYKE REINFORCED WITH TRADITIONAL ABUTTMENTS

  17. MODERN ABUTMENT FOLLOWING TRADITIONAL DESIGN

  18. COMBINED GABION SPILLWAY WITH TRADITIONAL ABUTTMENT

  19. GABION SPILLWAY

  20. Gabion spillway and traditional intake at gar-Sudan area (at wadi Dowan)Hadramawt

  21. TRADITIONAL LOW RECHARGE WEIR TO SLOW DOWN AND SPREAD FLOODS

  22. COMMAND AREA STRUCTURES • Water distribution structures • Field to field flow structures • Low flow field intakes

  23. WATER DISTRIBUTION: WATER IS DIVIDED PROPORTIONALLY IN SMALL CHANNELS

  24. WATER DISTRIBUTION: GATES USED ON SOME OF THE SMALL CHANNELS TO CLOSE SUPPLIES AFTER AREA IS SERVED

  25. FIELD OVERFLOW STRUCTURE

  26. FIELD TO FIELD FLOW STRUCTURES (SPILLWAY)

  27. FIELD OUTLET STRUCTURE

  28. FIELD TO FIELD FLOW STRUCTURE (INLET OR OUTLET

  29. UNDERFLOW STRUCTURE TO CAPTURE VERY SMALL FLOWS

  30. FIELD SYPHON FOR FIELDSHIGH ABUTMENT

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