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Kidney Structure

Kidney Structure. [ Outer cortex, inner medulla, and renal pelvis ] Cortex contains NEPHRON filtering units. Nephron = Bowman's capsule containing Glomerulus (capillary bed) ---> tubules of nephron. Kidney Structure.

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Kidney Structure

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  1. Kidney Structure • [Outer cortex, inner medulla, and renal pelvis] • Cortex contains NEPHRON filtering units. • Nephron = Bowman's capsule containing Glomerulus (capillary bed) ---> tubules of nephron.

  2. Kidney Structure Bowman's capsule --> proximal convoluted tubule --> Loop of Henle --> distal convoluted tubule --> collecting duct --> The urine then drains down the ureter --> urinary bladder (storage area). Passes out of the body through the urethra. Note: There are thousands of nephrons in each kidney.

  3. Make note of location of Cortex & Medulla- now locate the Nephron in relation to these 2 structures

  4. Nephron Function • Bowman's capsule: • blood enters under very high pressure • arrives directly from the aorta • blood forced into glomerulus & Water, salts, glucose, urea, & amino acids forced out into the nephron - forms crude filtrate. • Up to 95% water & salts resorbed.

  5. Nephron Function • B)filtrate travels to the proximal convoluted tubule • majority water & salt resorption occurs • water moves from tubule to blood via steep • osmotic gradient • sodium/potassium exchange pump brings sodium back in • glucose & chlorine ions resorbed.

  6. Nephron Function • C)filtrate moves to the Loop of Henle • Descending part of the loop --> water flows out of the • filtrate [thus concentrating filtrate, by absorbing water back • into circulatory system] --> medulla tissue becomes more • salty • salty medulla --> causes a lot of water absorbed by adjacent • capillaries. • Ascending loop --> sodium pumped out (keeps medulla • salty) --> water leaves descending loop. • Note: much of the sodium is absorbed by the descending part, through a countercurrent exchange of salt.

  7. Nephron Function • D)Distal convoluted tubule: • sodium & chlorine ions actively transported out • water "follows" and is resorbed by cappilaries of • juxtaglomerular complex. • Tubular secretion formed: • Ammonia, urea, H+ ions pass out of tubule as waste products contained within the filtrate. • Note: ammonia is by product of protein digestion

  8. Nephron Function • E)Collecting tubule: • sodium ions & water move out of filtrate • other wastes move in • countercurrent exchange of urea • final filtrate forms in duct = URINE

  9. 4 5 2 1 Use numbers To trace flow of Filtrate through nephron. 3 Detail of Nephron structure

  10. Read: Step by step process of filtration of blood brought to nephron

  11. Control of Nephron Function • Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH): controls water absorbtion • Recall, main function of nephron is to help maintain osmotic • balance of your body • Hypothalamus --> signals posterior pituitary to release • ADH when dehydration detected [e.g if • you eat too much salt] • . • ADH --> targets cells within collecting ducts • Function: increases cellular permeability to water. • As more water is resorbed, the osmolarity of the blood returns to "normal" and the hypothalamus switches off the production of ADH (Negative Feedback Loop).

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