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CH 11 Introduction to Genetics

Learn about Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk who studied pea plants to reveal the secrets of heredity, genes, dominance, alleles, and generation names. Discover how traits are passed down, the significance of hybrid plants, and the concept of segregation in genetics.

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CH 11 Introduction to Genetics

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  1. CH 11 Introduction to Genetics 11-1 The Work of Gregor Mendel

  2. Gregor Mendel • Austrian monk born 1822 • Worked at a monastery as a priest, teacher, and was in charge of gardening • Studied the genetics of ordinary pea plants • Genetics - scientific study of heredity

  3. Fertilization • During sexual reproduction, male and female reproductive cells join • Gametes – sex cells • True-breeding – produce offspring identical to parents when self-pollinate • Mendel was interested in cross-pollinating plants with different traits

  4. Genes and Dominance • Trait – a specific characteristic • Mendel studied 7 traits in pea plants • Hybrid – offspring of parents with different traits • Genes – chemical factors that determine traits

  5. Alleles • Different forms of a gene (e.g. height can be tall or short) • Some alleles are dominant and others are recessive

  6. Names of Generations • P generation – parents • F1 – first filial, first generation of offspring • F2 – second filial, second generation of offspring

  7. Segregation • Separation of alleles • Mendel – “do recessive alleles disappear when P generations produce offspring?” • No - when F1 offspring are crossed recessive alleles reappear in the F2 generation (25% show it)

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