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Ancient Egyptian Beliefs and Rituals

Explore the fascinating world of ancient Egyptian beliefs and rituals, from amulets to mummies, dreams to the afterlife. Discover the significance of gods like Hathor and Osiris, and dive into the mysteries of the Valley of the Kings.

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Ancient Egyptian Beliefs and Rituals

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  1. A: Achet • An amulet for luck • Represented the sun • Made of red stone or red glass

  2. B: Benben • Symbol of the sun god • Linked to Primeval Mound • Linked to Amun

  3. C: Coffin • Container to hold mummy • Shape of human body or rectangle • Made of different materials

  4. D: Dreams • Dreams were sent by gods • Told the future • Were either good or bad

  5. E: Epagomenal Days • 360 days each year • Realized days weren’t in tune with season, added five days to end of year • The goddess Nut gave birth to her five children on those days

  6. F: Funerary Beliefs • Burials were just pit graves with mummy inside • Started burying everyday objects with mummies • Pharaohs were moved to tombs

  7. G: Gold • Found in the Red Land • Most precious thing in Egypt • “Flesh of the Gods”

  8. H: Hathor • Cow was her symbol • Oldest and most beloved goddess • Became Mother Goddess

  9. I: Immortality • Meant you could live forever • Only for those pure of heart • The life after death

  10. J: Judgment Day • After death, chance to become immortal • Heart weighed against feather • If heart was heavier, you would not exist

  11. K: Khat • Mummified body only home for khat • Spells to protect khat • Offerings for khat

  12. L: Letters to the Dead • Practiced writing letters to the dead • Wrote in a bowl full of offerings • Asked for help on Judgment Day

  13. M: Mummy • Dead, preserved body • Made by priests • Have spells done over them

  14. N: Nile River • Without Nile River, no Egypt • Good when Nile floods • Prayed to Sobek

  15. O: Osiris • Close relations with many gods • God of death and rebirth • Murdered by brother, Seth

  16. P: Priests • Unsealed and sealed temples • Lead by Chief Priest [pharaoh] • Were closest to gods

  17. Q: Queen Hatshepsut • Greatest female ruler • Addressed as a man after becoming pharaoh • Sent expeditions to other lands

  18. R: Ramses II • Made big building projects • Egypt’s last warrior-pharaoh • Had over 100 sons

  19. S: Social Classes • Jobs based on social classes • Classes like pyramids; top to bottom • Very important

  20. T :Tutankhamen • Not important ruler • Everything made of gold and finery • Had six daughters and a wife

  21. U: Underworld • Need to be dead and preserved • Defeat any threat • Reach west of Nile before sun sets

  22. V: Valley of the Kings • Important rulers in tombs • 11 identified tombs • Some family members included

  23. W: Women • Considered sacred • Highly respected • Had more rights than in other countries

  24. Work Cited • Burgan, Michael. Valley of the Kings. Capstone Press: 2005 • Chrisp, Peter. Revealed Ancient Egypt. Dorling Kindersley: 2002 • Cohen, Daniel. Ancient Egypt. Daniel Cohen: 1990 • Day, Nancy. Your Travel Guide to Ancient Egypt. Nancy Day: 2001 • Ganeri, Anita. Focus on Ancient Egyptians. Gloucester Press: 1993 • McCracken, Harold. Mummy. The Columbia Encyclopedia: 2000 • Pollard, Michael. The Nile. Marshall Cavendish: 1998 • Remler, Pat. Egyptian Mythology A to Z. Pat Remler: 2000

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