1. SQL Queries Chapter No 3

2. Introduction • SQL stands for Structured Query Language • Access and Manipulate Database • SQL is an ANSI Standard • SQL is not Case Sensitive • Supports a set of commands that can perform common operations over a database • Works with MS Access, SQL Server, MySql • With Scripting languages like PHP • Works with HTML and ASP

3. Operations • SQL can retrieve data from a database • SQL can insert records in a database • SQL can update records in a database • SQL can delete records from a database • SQL can create new databases • SQL can create new tables in a database • SQL can create views in a database • SQL can set permissions on tables, procedures, and views

4. SQL Organization • SQL can be divided into three parts • RDML • RDDL • RDCL • Relational Data Manipulation Language • Relational Data Definition Language • Relational Data Control Language

5. DML Commands • INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database • SELECT - extracts data from a database • UPDATE - updates data in a database • DELETE - deletes data from a database

6. DDL Commands • CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database • ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database • CREATE TABLE - creates a new table • ALTER TABLE - modifies a table • DROP TABLE - deletes a table

8. SELECT Statement • SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name • SELECT * FROM table_name • SELECT LastName,FirstName FROM Persons • SELECT * FROM Persons

9. SQL WHERE Syntax • SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name operator value • SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE City='Sandnes‘ • This is correct: • SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName='Tove‘ • This is wrong: • SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName=Tove

10. Operators Allowed in the WHERE Clause

11. LIKE Syntax • SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name LIKE pattern • We want to select the persons living in a city that ends with an "s" from the "Persons" table. • SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE City LIKE ‘%s‘

12. We want to select the persons living in a city that contains the pattern "tav" from the "Persons" table. • SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE City LIKE '%tav%'

13. NOT Like • Select the persons living in a city that NOT contains the pattern "tav" from the "Persons" table, by using the NOT keyword. • SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE City NOT LIKE '%tav%‘

14. INSERT Statement • INSERT INTO table_nameVALUES (value1, value2, value3,...) • INSERT INTO Persons VALUES (4,'Nilsen', 'Johan', 'Bakken 2', 'Stavanger')

15. UPDATE Statement • The UPDATE statement is used to update existing records in a table. • UPDATE table_name SET column1=value, column2=value2,... WHERE some_column=some_value • UPDATE Persons SET Address='Nissestien 67', City='Sandnes' WHERE LastName='Tjessem' AND FirstName='Jakob'

17. DELETE Statement • DELETE FROM table_name WHERE some_column=some_value • DELETE FROM Persons WHERE LastName='Tjessem' AND FirstName='Jakob‘ • Delete All Rows • DELETE FROM table_name • Or • DELETE * FROM table_name

19. References • http://www.w3schools.com/SQL/default.asp • http://sqlzoo.net/1_2.htm • Database system by Thomas Connolly