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TWO IMPORTANT TOPICS ADDRESSED BY PSYCHOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGISTS

TWO IMPORTANT TOPICS ADDRESSED BY PSYCHOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGISTS. Incest avoidance and the incest taboo Enculturation and the sex drive. UNDERSTANDING INCEST AVOIDANCE AND THE INCEST TABOO:. widespread avoidance Oedipus complex “primal parricide”

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TWO IMPORTANT TOPICS ADDRESSED BY PSYCHOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGISTS

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  1. TWO IMPORTANT TOPICS ADDRESSED BY PSYCHOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGISTS • Incest avoidance and the incest taboo • Enculturation and the sex drive

  2. UNDERSTANDING INCEST AVOIDANCE AND THE INCEST TABOO: • widespread avoidance • Oedipus complex • “primal parricide” • incest involves sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives • Incest Avoidance: refers to the rejection of sexual relations and marriage between certain relatives.

  3. Incest avoidance is found universally, incest taboos are not • Marriage and sex between parent and child or brother and sister are prohibited almost in all societies

  4. BIOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS OF INCEST AVOIDANCE • Old view • genetic defects • problems

  5. MARITAL ALLIANCE AND THE INCEST TABOO • a shift from biology to culture • “Marry out or be killed out” • Problems with Tylor’s explanation • Malinowski:

  6. CHILDHOOD FAMILIARITY HYPOTHESIS • Biological tendency • Arthur Wolf (1970) • “minor marriage” • Kibbutzim in Israel • Yonina Talmon (1964) • Second generation of Kibbutzim

  7. INCEST AVOIDANCE: INTERACTIONIST PERSPECTIVES • variety of reasons • exogamy helps create alliances • Melvin Ember (1975) • biological tendencies along with sociocultural factors

  8. FAMILIARITY HYPOTHESIS • Paul Roscoe (1994) • interactionist explanation of incest avoidance. • “kinship amity”

  9. ENCULTURATION AND THE SEX DRIVE • Codes of Sexual Behaviour • -permissive or restrictive • (Lindholm 1980) • Inis Beag Islanders of Ireland • John Messenger (1971) • Homosexual Behaviour • -third genders • Unni Wikan (1991): Xaniths • Serena Nanda (1990): hijras

  10. Discussion questions • What are some of the methods of enculturation used in your society? Give an example of how your own personality has been affected by enculturation. • Describe a pattern of human behaviour that you believe to be “normal” for your society but might be considered “abnormal” in another.

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