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Translation (Protein Synthesis)

Translation (Protein Synthesis). RNA  protein. Making a protein. Many RNAs needed mRNA, tRNA, rRNA. Messenger RNA (mRNA ). Carries coded instructions for protein synthesis (translation) From the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome. The genetic code. Codons

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Translation (Protein Synthesis)

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  1. Translation (Protein Synthesis) RNA  protein

  2. Making a protein • Many RNAs needed • mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

  3. Messenger RNA (mRNA) • Carries coded instructions for protein synthesis (translation) • From the DNA in the nucleusto the ribosome

  4. The genetic code • Codons • instructions for making a protein, a series of three nucleotides on the mRNA • Each codon signifies start, stop, or an amino acid

  5. The genetic code

  6. Transfer RNA (tRNA) • Brings amino acids to the ribosome so it can build proteins • It has Anticodons • 3 nucleotide sequence complementary to the mRNA codon

  7. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) • Makes up ribosomes

  8. Making a protein • mRNA from nucleus Through cytoplasm to the ribosome mRNA start codonAUG signals beginning of protein

  9. Making a protein • tRNA with the complementary anticodon carries amino acid (a.a.) to bind to the codon

  10. Making a protein • Enzymes help form peptide bonds between amino acids • This continues until a stop codon is reached • Protein is released into the cell • Watch • This one too!

  11. Do we need new mRNA every time? • NO • The same mRNA may be used to make many copies of the same protein.

  12. Mutations • Point mutation • Change in one or a few nucleotides

  13. Mutations • Substitution • can have no effect • Protein could not be made • Protein made w/ wrong amino acid (nonfunctional protein)

  14. Mutations • Insertions/deletions • 1 or more nucleotides added or deleted • Can result in frame shift mutations

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