1 / 22

Biofuels from plant biomass

Biofuels from plant biomass. Michele Morgante, Università di Udine. Lynd et al. Nat . Biotechnology , 2008. Costs of fermentable carbohydrate for processing corn and cellulosic biomass. Lynd et al. Nat . Biotechnology , 2008.

xue
Télécharger la présentation

Biofuels from plant biomass

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Biofuels from plant biomass Michele Morgante, Università di Udine

  2. Lyndet al. Nat. Biotechnology, 2008

  3. Costs of fermentablecarbohydratefor processing corn and cellulosicbiomass Lyndet al. Nat. Biotechnology, 2008

  4. Main species for biomass production for 2nd generation bioethanol SwitchgrassPanicumvirgatum Elephant grass Miscanthusgiganteus Poplar/aspen Populus spp. Willows Salix spp.

  5. Energy Poplar Enhancing poplar traits for energy applications Seventh framework programme Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, Biotechnology

  6. Work Packages WP1 Optimised yield for bioenergy poplar WP2 Genetic improvement of poplar wood quality for saccharification WP3 Generation of novel genotypes WP4 Environmental and economic sustainability assessment WP5 Dissemination and Technology Transfer WP6 Management

  7. WP1 Optimised yield for bioenergy poplar 1) Identify an area of the Populus genome determining yield and underlying genes → Map genes affecting biomass production. Select/Produce trees carrying a genotype positively affecting yield. 2) Optimise root function for nutrient capture and carbon sequestration → Increase in Populus rooting ability is expected to lead to increase in biomass production.

  8. WP2 Genetic improvement of poplar wood quality for saccharification 1) Establishment of field trials with different species, GM-clones and triploids under Short Rotation Coppice (SRC) → Test saccharification potential (proxy for bioethanol production) of several selected clones under conditions realistic for an industrial application

  9. Establishment of field trials with different species, GM-clones and triploids under SRC Downregulation of CCR, involved in lignin biosynthesis Transgenic trees show spots of red xylem, in which lignin content is substantially reduced. Leplé et al, 2007, The Plant Cell.

  10. Establishment of field trials with different species, GM-clones and triploids under SRC CCR-40 (Blue line) has higher saccharification potential than CCR-3 (Red line) and WT (Green line). All the trees were grown under SRC. Rebecca van Acker, VIB, Ghent, Belgium

  11. WP3 Generation of novel genotypes 1) Development of locus-specific SNP markers for molecular diagnostics → Identify SNPs affecting phenotype. Select trees carrying the desired SNPs and use them in conventional breeding program. 2) Development of whole genome markers for genetic distance estimation → Special interest in heterosis (hybrid vigor). 3 )Development of transgenic poplars with multiple transgenes (gene-stacking) → Combine genes beneficial for biomass and wood composition

  12. To improve wood quality in poplar for saccharification and ethanol production by modifying lignin composition To identify naturally occurring mutations affecting genes involved in lignin metabolism. Functional variants are likely to be rare (Need large sample size). Best case scenario: to identify null alleles (variants causing premature stop codons). Development of locus-specific SNP markers for molecular diagnostics

  13. LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS PATHWAY 5 genes chosen that are known to affect lignin quality and/or quantity when silenced

  14. MULTIPLEXED POOLED DEEP SEQUENCING OF LIGNIN BIOSYNTHETIC GENES Fabio Marroni and Sara Pinosio

  15. NON-SYNONYMOUS SNPs IN CAD I199M 1.9% L16H 0.05% A319V 0.5% S138P 0.3% N104H 20% V37L 1.1% A279T 1.5% Y125S 0.3% K148R 2.2% ADH_zinc_N, Zinc-binding dehydrogenase ADH_N, Alcohol dehydrogenaseGroES-like domain AdhP, Zn-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases Fabio Marroni and Sara Pinosio

  16. CAD PROTEIN STRUCTURE AND AA. SUBSTITUTIONS Federico Fogolari Homology-based modelling of P. nigraCAD4 structure Analysis of effects of aa. substitutions on protein structure and function

  17. NON-SYNONYMOUS SNPS IN GENE X N48D 0.05% L315F 0.1% C385* 2.9% G10R 1.5% P42S 0.4% T235I 2.4% R312T 0.1% G379A 0.6% We performed crosses among individuals carrying interesting mutations to create homozygotes and look at phenotypes as well as analysed biochemically wild types, heterozygotes and homozygous nulls Fabio Marroni and Sara Pinosio

  18. GENE X PUTATIVE MUTANT ANALYSIS • Gene X • Family of 6 genes in poplar • Metabolic analysis of x+x+; x+x385stop; x385stopx385stop; • x+x+and x+x385stopare undistinguishable: • premature stop codon mutation behaves in a full recessive mode • x385stopx385stophas exactly the expected phenotype in terms of lignin composition • Mutantcan enterintobreeding Wout Boerjan, VIB, Gent

  19. Development of whole genome markers for genetic distance estimation High-throughput resequencing of three P. nigra individuals. Joint re-sequencing effort EnergyPoplar, EvolTree, NovelTree. Aim: To obtain whole genome map of SNPs and structural variants.

  20. Development of whole genome markers for genetic distance estimation About 6.5 million SNPs across the genome (~1 SNP every 64bp) Stefania Giacomello, University of Udine, Udine, Italy

  21. Development of transgenic poplars with multiple transgenes (gene-stacking) Aim: To combine genes beneficial (e.g.) for biomass and wood composition Annabelle Déjardin, INRA Orléans, Orléans, France

  22. Involved units

More Related