Energy Efficiency, Wind, Sun, and Geothermal Energy Conference on “Latin America’s Energy Future”

1. Energy Efficiency, Wind, Sun, and Geothermal EnergyConference on “Latin America’s Energy Future” Deborah Bleviss Energy, Resources and Environment Program Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS)

2. Latin America’s Energy Mix Source: OLADE, 2008

3. Latin America’s Electricity Mix Source: Meeting Electricity Supply/Demand Balance in Latin America and the Caribbean, ESMAP, September 2010

4. Sources of Latin America’s GHG Emissions in Energy Sector Source: OLADE, 2008

5. Example of Electricity Energy Efficiency Activities in LAC--Brazil • Requirement by national electric utility regulator, ANEEL, that privatized utilities allocate ~1% of annual revenue to R&D and energy efficiency • Half is kept within the utility, with increasing requirement to look at end-use energy efficiency • Half goes to new institution, CT-Energ (to focus on public good) • Governed by Board of Directors made of relevant ministries, academia, private sector • Mandated focus is on: • Provision of electricity to remote rural areas • Diversification of electricity supply away from large hydro • Development of highly energy efficient technologies with social benefits

6. Example of Electricity Energy Efficiency Activities in LAC--Mexico • Minimum Energy Efficiency Performance Standards for Appliances • Initially covered refrigerators and freezers, central air conditioners, motors; expanded since • Movement to align with policies of Canada and U.S. • Energy efficiency labeling a complementary element

7. Example of Transport Energy Efficiency Activities in LAC—Curitiba, Brazil and Bogotá, Colombia • Common Features • Bus Rapid Transit, with trunk lines operating in exclusive lanes • Tariff for public transportation system integrated, meaning that payment is one time, when first enter system • Substantial pedestrian walking areas, in numerous cases replacing streets previously used by motorized vehicles • Parking supply limited • Establishment of bike lanes • Planning and oversight provided by municipal entities with professional and well-qualified staff

8. Example of Transport Energy Efficiency Activities in LAC—Differences between Curitiba and Bogotá Curitiba • Land-use regulation maintains highest density near bus trunk lines • Intense investment in an urban infrastructure accessible by walking or bus—Opera House, botanical gardens, plazas • Planning agency, IPPUC, now charged with metropolitan focus Bogotá • Private vehicle use discouraged during peak traffic hours through “Pico y Placa” program that limits private vehicle use • Bus “stations” are integrated with bike lanes, with provision made for locking up bicycles in the stations • “Car-free” day once a year

9. Curitiba in Photos

10. Bogotá in Photos

11. Potential for Wind in LAC

12. Potential for Solar in LAC

13. Potential for Geothermal in LAC

14. Example of Renewables Promotion Program in Brazil PROINFA Program • First Phase: acquiring 3300 MW of renewables • 1/3 each from wind, small hydro, biomass • Second Phase: By 2020, goal is to have 10% of electricity from these sources • Status: • First phase was originally to be completed by the end of 2006, did not meet target • Problem with access to financing prompted national bank (BNDES) to offer more attractive financing

15. Example of Renewable Promotion Program in Chile • Renewable Portfolio Standard: 10% of electricity generation by 2024 to be from non-conventional renewable energy • Supplemented by InvestChile Program, goal of which is to promote and attract technology intensive foreign direct investment into Chile  • Offers services ranging from business development assistance to assistance in financing • One of targets is renewable energy • Currently has 133 renewables projects in portfolio