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TODAY’S AGENDA: Introduction to the Universe and Astronomy Activity: Universe Analogy

Monday 11/18/2013. TODAY’S AGENDA: Introduction to the Universe and Astronomy Activity: Universe Analogy . Homework: 1. Universe Analogy Activity due Tuesday 11-19/2013 for 25 Points. Universe Analogy Activity. Pg. 9: Astronomy Essential Question Write these ideas on Pg. 9!.

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TODAY’S AGENDA: Introduction to the Universe and Astronomy Activity: Universe Analogy

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  1. Monday 11/18/2013 • TODAY’S AGENDA: • Introduction to the Universe and Astronomy • Activity: Universe Analogy Homework: 1. Universe Analogy Activity due Tuesday 11-19/2013 for 25 Points

  2. Universe Analogy Activity Pg. 9: Astronomy Essential Question Write these ideas on Pg. 9! The universe is a BIG concept to understand! We’re going to make it a bit more realistic by developing an analogy for the universe & everything within it! • Universe: EVERYTHING in space (billions of galaxies) = whole CHS campus • Galaxies: clumps of billions of stars held together by gravity = all the buildings on CHS campus • Solar system: Our sun, the planets, asteroids = classrooms within each building on CHS campus • Sun: the only star in our solar system = the teacher in each classroom • Planets: a celestial body that has a large mass & orbits a star = the students in each classroom

  3. My Universe Analogy BIG IDEA LITTLE IDEA • Universe = whole CHS campus • Galaxies = all the buildings on CHS campus • Solar system = classrooms within each building on CHS campus • Sun = the teacher in each classroom • Planets = the students in each classroom

  4. Universe Analogy Activity The end • Think of another analogy for the Universe & EVERYTHING in it (galaxies, solar systems, sun, planets). • Hint: Think of your favorite sport, family, favorite movie… • Label what each part of your drawing represents in the universe! • Use color, be appropriate (they will receive grades & be hung on the walls) & be creative! Be prepared to share your posters with the class! • You have the rest of the period! GO!!!

  5. Tuesday 11/19/2013 • TODAY’S AGENDA: • Notes: Nebular Theory and the Sun • Activity: Universe Analogy Homework: 1. Solar System Word Search and Puzzle due Wednesday/Thursday 11/20-11/21 for 20 Points

  6. Birth of Our Solar System • The Nebular Theory (Nebular Hypothesis): • Explains the formation of the solar system • Sun & all the celestial bodies (planets, moons, asteroids) that surround it. • About 4 billion years ago, the solar system formed out of a huge, rapidly-rotating cloud of gas & dust particles • Nebula Horsehead Nebula Crab Nebula

  7. Birth of Our Solar System • The Nebular Theory (Nebular Hypothesis): • Gravity pulls the nebula together & the cloud begins to rotate • The more stuff in the cloud, the faster the rotation • Heavy matter: Rocks, dust, ice & metal slammed together to form planets, moons, asteroids, meteors • Lighter matter: Gases fused to become stars & the giant gas planets • http://www.5min.com/Video/Learn-how-our-Solar-System-was-formed-5-Billion-Years-Ago-117543712

  8. Birth of our Star…the Sun • Ever wonder… • How the sun formed in our solar system? • How does the sun keep its spherical shape? • Why does the radiation the sun gives off not kill life but allow life to live?

  9. Birth of our Star…the Sun • As you watch the following video clip, discover the answers to the following questions & write them in your notepacket. 1. What is the name of the enormous cloud of gas & dust within space that formed the solar system? 2. What 2 forces give the sun its spherical shape? 3. What is the main form of radiation the sun produces? • How is the sun giving off radiation like boiling water? • Explain the change in energy from beginning to end. • http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/12876-spin-around-the-solar-system-how-the-sun-formed-video.htm

  10. Birth of our Star…the Sun • Sun: The large star at the center of our solar system, consisting of very high pressures of gases due to nuclear fusion. • Nuclear Fusion: Hydrogen (H) atoms combine to form helium (He), releasing huge amounts of energy. • When nuclear fusion begins, a star is born. • When nuclear fusion stops, a star begins to die. Ultraviolet X-rays Infrared

  11. The Path our Sun will Follow Our sun is now a mid-life main sequence yellow star. It will cool and grow larger, becoming a Red Giant. The sun will grow so large that nuclear fusion can no longer take place & it will shed it’s outer layers of gas in a PlanetaryNebula. Our sun will most likely die as a very small, hot white dwarf.

  12. Q: How Much Longer will the Sun be around?A: About 5-6 billion more years!

  13. Wed/thur 11/20-11/21/2013 • TODAY’S AGENDA: • Notes: The Solar System • Activity: Seven Wonders of the Solar System Video with Guide • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rphuOoem7os Homework: 1. Universe Analogy Activity due Tuesday 11-19/2013 for 25 Points

  14. Warm Up: 1/24/12 • What type of star is our sun classified as? • Explain what nuclear fusion is? • Explain the Nebular Theory • What is a Nebula? • Define heavy matter • Define light matter • What does heavy matter make when pushed together by gravity? Light matter? • Explain the life of a star • When nuclear fusion stops, what happens to the star?

  15. The Solar System

  16. What is the Solar System?? • Made up of all the planets that orbit the Sun • Consists of celestial bodies (planets, moons, comets, asteroids, minor planets), dust and gas • Planets orbit the Sun, Moons orbit the Planet • Celestial bodies bound to the Sun by gravity • The Solar System is in the Milky Way Galaxy

  17. Formation of the Solar System • Created about 4.6 billion years ago • Nebular Theory (Nebular Hypothesis): Theory that best explains the creation of the Solar System • Formed from a nebula: cloud of gas, dust and debris spinning rapidly • Small star formed in the center of nebula which grew larger by collecting dust and debris • Center eventually ignited, creating the Sun

  18. Planets of the Solar System • There are 8 planets in the Solar System • In order from the Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune • Pluto is considered a dwarf planet • Too small to be termed a planet • There are (3) dwarf planets: Pluto, Ceres, Eres

  19. Planets of the Solar System • Two types of planets: Inner and Outer Planets • Inner Planets: (Also known as Terrestrial Planets) Made up of rock and dust with a metallic core • Mercury, Mars, Earth, Venus

  20. Planets of the Solar System • Outer Planets: Made up largely of gas and water • Also known as Jovian Planets • Uranus, Neptune, Saturn, Jupiter • These planets are also the only planets with rings • Outer Planets also have moons orbiting around them

  21. The Big Star….The Sun!! • Yes….it is true, the Sun is a Star!! • Made up of mostly Hydrogen (H) and Helium (He) • The distance from here to the Sun is 93 million miles or 1 Astronomical Unit (AU) • The Sun makes up about 99 percent of the Solar System’s mass • It is the closest star to the Earth

  22. Density of the Planets • Density varies widely among Planets just like the size • Important property that tells what a planet is made up of • Density: The amount of material it has in the space it occupies • Density = mass/volume • Density of water = 1.0 g/cm3

  23. Density of Planets • Inner planets: more dense than outer planets due to the composition • Inner planets are composed of heavy metal and rock • Also known as Terrestrial planets • Mercury: 5.4 g/cm3 • Venus: 5.2 g/cm3 • Earth: 5.54 g/cm3 (Most dense planet) • Mars: 3.9 g/cm3

  24. Density of Planets • Outer planets are less dense than inner planets • Less dense than inner planets due to being mostly composed of gas • Also known as Jovian Planets or Gas Giants • Jupiter: 1.33 g/cm3 • Saturn: .69 g/cm3 (Least dense planet…can float in water!!!) • Uranus: 1.29 g/cm3 • Neptune: 1.64 g/cm3

  25. Friday 11/22/2013 • TODAY’S AGENDA: • Activity: How a Star’s Color Related to its Temperature? Due Today for 25 Points Homework: 1. Color vs. Temperature Activity due Monday for late credit if not completed today

  26. Monday 11/25/2013 • TODAY’S AGENDA: • Notes: Vocabulary and Energy in the Universe Homework: 1. Color vs. Temperature Activity due Monday for late credit if not completed today

  27. Astronomy…hmmm…. • We’ve got a lot of stuff out there in the universe… • Astronomers (scientists who study stars) study stars to learn • more about the universe, • what’s out there & • how it is moving! • What do stars give off? • How does ENERGY (light) travel through the universe? • What are waves? • What is a wavelength? http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=B920C70B-7C2A-46BC-A9AD-3019D95C98DC&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

  28. Wavelengths • Wavelengths can tell us A LOT about ENERGY (traveling through the universe from a star) • How powerful light is • How fast it is moving • Where it is moving from & to • What kind of light it is? • All Energy is not Created Equal!!!

  29. Terminology Review For Astronomy

  30. Potential Energy Potential energy is the energy that is stored in an object. PEgrav = mass x gravity x height PEgrav = m x g x h

  31. Kinetic Energy Kinetic energy is energy of motion. Potential energy is converted into kinetic energy. where m = mass of object v = speed of object

  32. Mechanical Energy An object which possesses mechanicalenergy is able to do work. In fact, mechanical energy is often defined as the ability to do work.

  33. Nuclear Energy • Energy stored in interactions between the particles in the atomic nucleus • Is produced by controlled (non-explosive) nuclear reactions • For example, heat and water produce steam, which is then used to generate electricity

  34. Electrical Energy • Is what is stored in a battery, and can be used to power a cell phone or start a car. • Electrical energy is delivered by tiny charged particles called electrons, typically moving through a wire

  35. Gravitational Energy • Is energy stored in an object's height. • The higher and heavier the object, the more gravitational energy is stored. • When you ride a bicycle down a steep hill and pick up speed, the gravitational energy is being converted to kinetic energy

  36. What is Chemical Energy? Chemical energy is produced through reactions that occur in chemical compounds. There are many examples of chemical energy present in the world. Examples of chemical energy being used are combustion, batteries, photosynthesis, and respiration. Without this energy, plants and animals would not be able to survive.

  37. Law of Conservation of Energy: Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. It can only be transformed (changed) from one state (form) to another. Think about the # of waves on your rubberband... did the total # of waves (energy) change as your rubberband stretched?

  38. WORK DISPLACEMENT WORK FORCE Work is defined as the product of the net force and the displacement through which that force is exerted. W=Fd

  39. POWER Power is defined as work done divided by the time used to do the work. P = Fd/t

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