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Building an Islamic Empire

The death of Muhammad marked a pivotal point in Islamic history, presenting the challenge of selecting a successor. Abu Bakr became the first caliph, uniting Arab tribes and initiating campaigns that expanded Islam across the Middle East. Under the first four caliphs, significant victories laid the groundwork for a sprawling empire, including the construction of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, a key Islamic site. The emergence of Sunni and Shiite divisions shaped the faith, influencing leadership and community dynamics. This period set the trajectory for Islamic history and its cultural evolution.

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Building an Islamic Empire

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  1. Building an Islamic Empire

  2. Muhammad’s Death • Huge problem once Muhammad died • No successor • Abu Bakr • First caliph • Successor to Muhammad

  3. Abu Bakr • Loyalty amongst Arab tribes • Once fully united, series of military campaigns • Converted massive numbers of Arabs to Islam

  4. Early Victories • First Four Caliphs • Conquered the Middle East • Byzantine Empire

  5. Dome of the Rock • Oldest surviving Islamic building • Jerusalem • Muslim teaching • Muhammad ascended to heaven from the rock inside this building

  6. Divisions • Sunni • Shiite • Huge impact on history

  7. Shiites • Felt son-in-law Ali should be successor of Muhammad • Successors should be kin of Muhammad

  8. Sunni • Any good Muslim could lead the community • Successor is called a caliph • Religious and political leader

  9. Sunnis and Shiites • 90% of Muslims are Sunni • Shiites lives in Iran, Lebanon, Iraq, and Yemen • Other groups • Sufis • Mystics who sought communion with God through meditation, fasting, etc.

  10. Umayyad • Umayyad caliphate • Dynasty of Sunni caliphs that ruled until 750 • Vastly expands empire

  11. Conquered People • Muslim leaders imposed a special tax on non-Muslims • Tax supported troops

  12. Conversion • Easy religion to convert to • No hierarchy • Simple and direct message

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