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Surgical Techniques and Outcomes of Sleeve Pneumonectomy for Lung Cancer

This comprehensive overview discusses the techniques, indications, and outcomes of sleeve pneumonectomy, focusing on right-side procedures for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) involving the tracheobronchial angle. Key surgical steps include meticulous bronchoscopy, mediastinoscopy, and careful anastomotic techniques to ensure successful recovery and minimize complications. Highlights include the importance of preoperative staging with CT/PET scans, as well as postoperative considerations such as anastomotic integrity and management of pulmonary complications. Emphasis is placed on optimizing surgical outcomes through meticulous technique and patient selection.

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Surgical Techniques and Outcomes of Sleeve Pneumonectomy for Lung Cancer

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  1. CarinalPneumonectomy Cameron Wright, MD Thoracic Surgery MGH 2012 Focus on Thoracic Surgery: Lung Cancer

  2. Disclosures None

  3. Sleeve Pneumonectomy • Can be performed on either side but right side much more common • Typical case is a NSCLC involving the right tracheobronchial angle • Careful bronchoscopy by the surgeon crucial to delineate the extent of endobronchial disease • 4 cm of trachea is the most that can be resected in the average case

  4. Squamous Cell RMB

  5. Adenocarcinoma RMB and Trachea

  6. Submucosal Spread in RMB

  7. Adenocarcinoma RMB with Subcarinal Nodal Invasion

  8. Evaluation and Treatment • Chest CT with IV contrast • Metastatic survey (CT/PET for nodes, distant disease) • Consider EBUS-FNA as preferred technique to stage the mediastinum • Delay mediastinoscopy to day of resection so as to not limit tracheal mobility • Ensure POP-FEV1 is adequate (Quantitative V/Q to accurately predict) • Use CT/RT induction with particular caution-would favor induction chemotherapy alone if needed

  9. Technique of Right Sleeve Pneumonectomy • Bronchoscopy to ensure enough LMB and trachea are present for reconstruction • Mediastinoscopy to sample nodes and free up anterior trachea (blood supply is lateral) • Use long wire reinforced ETT (not DL ETT) to intubate LMB for thoracotomy • Thoracotomy in 4th interspace, or median sternotomy

  10. Technique of Sleeve Pneumonectomy • Explore chest, confirm resectability • Decide about SVC involvement • Measure extent of tracheal involvement • Divide vessels first • Bring sterile ETT and airway circuit onto field (rarely need jet ventilation)

  11. Technique of Sleeve Pneumonectomy • Encircle trachea and LMB at proposed division sites (avoid L RLN!) • Free up anterior LMB to enhance mobility • Divide LMB after pulling back indwelling ETT • Ventilate LMB from the field ETT • Divide trachea and check margins

  12. Technique of Anastomosis • Place 2-0 Vicryl stay sutures 2 rings deep at 3 and 9 o’clock around 1 ring with knot outside • Place circumferential 4-0 Vicryl sutures about 4 mm deep and 4 mm apart while adjusting for size discrepancy

  13. Anastomotic Sutures

  14. Technique of Sleeve Pneumonectomy • Flex chin and tie stay sutures first (left wall will have least tension) • Tie 4-0 sutures next-cartilage first, then membraneous wall • Check for airleaks • Wrap anastomosis with fat pad or other tissue buttress • Extubate patient at end of case

  15. Right Sleeve Pneumonectomy

  16. Left Sleeve Pneumonectomy

  17. Left Sleeve Pneumonectomy-Use of Tracheal and Aortic Sling

  18. Sternotomy Exposure

  19. Results of Sleeve Pneunonectomy • Operative mortality usually 7-10% (was 25%) • Post-pneumonectomy ARDS most common cause of early mortality • Anastomotic complications uncommon but life-threatening • Five year survival 20 to 40% • Prognostic factors: nodal status,FEV1

  20. Results of Sleeve Pneumonectomy

  21. Survival According to Nodal Status at the MGH

  22. Tracheal Closure of Jack-A Way to Resect Up To The Carina

  23. Sleeve Pneunonectomy-Conclusion • Rare subset of pulmonary resections • Avoid N2 disease and induction chemoradiotherapy • Avoid lengthy resections of trachea • Mobilize airway to reduce tension • Careful anastomotic technique • Wrap anastomosis

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