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Understanding Mammals: Characteristics, Life Cycle, and Diversity

Explore the fascinating world of Mammals, encompassing around 5,490 living species. Discover the three major groups: Monotremes (egg-laying mammals like the platypus), Marsupials (such as koalas), and Placental mammals (like foxes). Learn about their life cycle stages, from birth to adulthood, unique characteristics like mammary glands and advanced brain development, and their various dietary habits including herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. Dive into the complexities of their anatomy and systems, including circulation, respiration, and nervous systems.

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Understanding Mammals: Characteristics, Life Cycle, and Diversity

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  1. I-v)Mammals Julia Solis

  2. Mammalia • Mamma: Latin • Current # of living mammals: around 5,490 • 1st mammal: Megazostrodon • 3 types: • Monotremes: egg-laying mammals (short beaked echidna) • Marsupials: born in immature state; most have pouches (Koala) • Placental: born in advanced stage; nourished through a placenta (Fox)

  3. Life Cycle & Span • Birth, young mammal, adult • Born with different maturity level • Adult females reach fertility at different ages • Mothers produce milk to feed the baby • Average human life span in 1st world: 75 years

  4. Characteristics • Sweat glands and are able to produce milk • 3 middle ear bones (hammer, anvil, stirrup) • Warm-blooded (endothermic) • Have hair • Eukaryotes • Diphiodonty

  5. Characteristics • Larger and more developed brain • Vertebrates • Limbs (flippers, wings, legs and arms) • Four chambered heart • Amniotes • Single-bone jaw • Heterotrophic

  6. Diet & Digestive System • Herbivores: plants (cows, sloths…) • Carnivores: meat (lions, wolves) • Omnivores: plants & meat (people, some bears…) • Insectivores: Insects (anteaters) • Don’t all have the exact same digestive system • Basics: mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines

  7. Nervous System • All brains have a Neocortex • Placental mammals: corpus callosum • Based on the brain and spinal cord • Divided in four parts (central, autonomic, peripheral, and somatic)


  8. Circulatory System • 4 chambered heart • Pulmonary and body circulations are independent • Oxygenated blood goes to left atrium (entrance) • Deoxygenated blood from tissues go to right

  9. Respiratory System • Ventilatory (breathing) tool (lung) • Mammals’ lungs are less efficient than birds • Ventilation causes negative pressure pump developed in diaphragm through evolution

  10. Bibliography • http://www.kidzone.ws/animals/mammals.htm • http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/mammals/ • http://www.currentresults.com/Environment-Facts/Plants-Animals/number-species.php • http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0934288.html • http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Mammal • http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/natbltn/400-499/nb486.htm • http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mammal

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