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Chapter 28 America in a World at War

Chapter 28 America in a World at War. War on Two Fronts: 1 st Step: Containing the Japanese After Pearl Harbor the Japanese took: Guam, Wake Island, Hong Kong, and the Philippines. Douglass MacArthur. Battle of Coral Sea (May 7-8 1942) Held off Japanese invasion of Australia

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Chapter 28 America in a World at War

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  1. Chapter 28America in a World at War War on Two Fronts: 1st Step: Containing the Japanese After Pearl Harbor the Japanese took: Guam, Wake Island, Hong Kong, and the Philippines

  2. Douglass MacArthur Battle of Coral Sea (May 7-8 1942) Held off Japanese invasion of Australia Battle of Midway (June 3-6 1942) 4 Japanese aircraft carriers destroyed Turning point in the Pacific Allies go on the offensive Battle of Guadalcanal (August 1942)

  3. Holding off the Germans 1st Step: Stop the German advance North Africa El Alamein (1942) Montgomery and the British force Rommel to retreat from Egypt Montgomery and Patton drive the rest of the Germans out of Africa (May 1943)

  4. Battle of Stalingrad (Winter 1943) Russians hold off German advance Nazis retreat The Soviets are upset about the delay of the allied invasion of France (Seeds of Cold War) Allied Invasion of Italy (July 1943) Sicily is conquered in 38 days Rome is captured by June 1944

  5. America and the Holocaust The US and the Allies would not bomb the camps The St. Louis (1939) 1,000 Jews were turned away Many believed the State Department was anti-Semitic

  6. The American People In Wartime The Economy improves The Depression ends (1941) Labor and the War Women replaced men Union membership rose “No strike pledge” Workers would automatically be enrolled

  7. However, there were “Wildcat Strikes” John L. Lewis (United Mine Workers) So Congress passed the Smith-Connally Act (War Labor Disputes Act) Unions must wait 30 days to strike President can seize a struck plant Anti-Inflation Act (1942) Froze prices, wages and salaries

  8. Funding The War $100 billion in war bonds Revenue Act of 1942 Increased income taxes Mobilizing Production War Production Board (WPB) 1942 the economy met all of the nation’s war needs

  9. African Americans and the War Many blacks move to cities for jobs Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) 1942 Protested segregation “Sit-ins” Blacks pushed for integration in the military 700,000 black soldiers served in WWII

  10. Native Americans and WWII 25,000 Native Americans served in WWII “Code Talkers” Native Americans also moved to cities for jobs

  11. Mexican Americans and WWII 30,000 served in WWII Mexicans came to cities for jobs Zoot-Suit Riots (1943)

  12. Women and Children at War Women in the work force increased by 60% “Rosie the Riveter” Latch-Key Kids Rise in the birth rate Baby boom Wartime life and culture Movies, magazines, books, and dance halls

  13. The Internment of the Japanese Americans War Relocation Authority (WRA) 1942 100,000 Japanese were forced to relocation centers Korematsu v. US (1944) Ruled that the relocation was constitutional 1988 reparations were finally awarded

  14. Wartime Conferences Casablanca Conference (Jan 1943) FDR and Churchill agree to invade Sicily “Unconditional Surrender” Teheran Conference (Nov 1943) FDR, Churchill, Stalin FDR agreed to invade France Stalin agreed to help out with Japan

  15. Yalta Conference (Feb 1945) FDR, Churchill, Stalin Germany would be divided into occupation zones Free elections in countries of Eastern Europe The United Nations would be formed

  16. The Retreat From Reform New Deal policies take a back seat to the war effort The Election of 1944 FDR (D) v. Thomas E. Dewey (R) Harry Truman becomes FDR’s VP FDR is reelected Democrats maintain control of both houses

  17. The Defeat of the Axis By mid 1943 the allies stop the Axis advance The Allies bomb Germany Leipzig, Dresden, and Berlin The Liberation of France (June 6, 1944) Operation Overlord (D Day) Dwight D. Eisenhower 4,000 vessels landed troops Paratroopers were dropped behind enemy lines Paris was liberated on August 25, 1944

  18. Battle of the Bulge (Dec 1944) This ends German resistance The Russians converge on Berlin Hitler commits suicide (April 30) Germany surrenders on May 8, 1945 (V-E Day)

  19. The Pacific Offensive “Island Hopping” Americans capture: Tinian, Guam, Siapan, and Philippines Battle of Leyte Gulf Four Japanese aircraft carriers are sunk

  20. Iwo Jima (Feb 1945) 20,000 US troops die Battle of Okinawa (June 1945) 50,000 Americans die “Kamikaze”

  21. Manhattan Project J. Robert Oppenheimer Alamogordo NM (July 16, 1945) Atomic test bomb dropped FDR dies in April 1945 Harry Truman becomes President

  22. Potsdam Conference(July 17-August 2 1945) The Big Three meet in Germany Truman, Churchill/Attlee, Stalin Japan’s surrender War crimes for Nazi leaders Enola Gay Drops atomic bomb on Hiroshima (August 6, 1945) Another one is dropped on Nagasaki (August 9, 1945) Japan surrenders on board the USSMissouri (Sept 2, 1945) V-J Day

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