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PLP 3104 FUNDAMENTALS OF ENTOMOLOGY GROUP 3

PLP 3104 FUNDAMENTALS OF ENTOMOLOGY GROUP 3. DR. NUR AZURA BINTI ADAM Block E, Jabatan Perlindungan Tumbuhan, Tingkat 1 0389474848 nur_azura@putra.upm.edu.my. TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE ON INSECT. Spiders are insects. T/F Name one insect order All insects can fly. T/F Which one is an insect?. B.

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PLP 3104 FUNDAMENTALS OF ENTOMOLOGY GROUP 3

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  1. PLP 3104FUNDAMENTALS OF ENTOMOLOGYGROUP 3 DR. NUR AZURA BINTI ADAM Block E, Jabatan Perlindungan Tumbuhan, Tingkat 1 0389474848 nur_azura@putra.upm.edu.my

  2. TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE ON INSECT • Spiders are insects. T/F • Name one insect order • All insects can fly. T/F • Which one is an insect? B A

  3. TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE ON INSECT 5. Name one type of insect’s wings 6. What is an antenna? 7. Insects have 3-5 pairs of legs. T/F 8. Does insect has bone? Y/N 9. Legs of an insect is located on the thorax. T/F 10. What is spermatheca?

  4. COURSE FRAME • Please refer to putra lms (http://www.lms.upm.edu.my) • Assessment: • Theory 1 (5th week) 10% • Theory 2 (10th week) 10% • Practical 1 (5th week) 10% • Insect collection 20% • Assignment 10% • Final Exam (Theory and Practical) 40%

  5. INSECT OVERVIEW & THE ENVIRONMENT • General view of insects • Why insects is successful • The importance of insects • Examples

  6. WHY STUDY INSECTS??

  7. ESTIMATION: 2 MILL. ANIMAL SPECIES • >70% ARE INSECTS SPECIES

  8. Why so successful? • 1) Exoskeleton • Outside of the body unlike vertebrate • Gives shape & support to soft tissues • protection from attack or injury • minimizes the loss of body fluids in both arid and freshwater environments (has wax) • assures mechanical advantage to muscles for strength and agility in movement.

  9. Why so successful? • 2) small size 33 cm: stick insect • Fairyflies (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) • no more than 0.139 mm in length.  goliath beetle: 100 g

  10. Why so successful? • Being small, exoskeleton also small • Being big, exosk. must be big: HEAVY!!!!!

  11. minimal resources needed for survival and reproduction mealybugs Leafminer

  12. Easy to hide from predator • hide in the cracks of a rock, beneath the bark of a tree, behind the petal of a flower

  13. Mole cricket

  14. 3) Flight • the only invertebrate that can fly • highly effective mode of escape from predators • efficient means of transportation, allowing populations to expand more quickly into new habitats

  15. The migratory locust, Schistocerca gregaria, can fly for up to 9 hours without stopping

  16. 4) reproductive potential • Produce large number of eggs • High fertility (most eggs hatch) • Short life cycle • Female have spermatheca for sperm storage • Asexual reproduction (aphids,thrips,scale insects: males are absent)

  17. 5) metamorphosis • 86% insect species undergo complete metamorphosis • immatures and adults (imago) may consume different types of food, exploit different environmental resources, and even occupy different habitats. • Eg: butterfly: larva consumes leaves, adult comsumes nectar

  18. 6) adaptation of appendages • Various type of mouth(piercing, sucking,chewing) • Consume various type of food

  19. THE IMPORTANCE • 1) PEST of crops/food/other products a • 2) VECTORS of diseases: i)Malaria (Anopheles spp., female)- protozoa Plasmodium falciparum

  20. ii) Dengue: Aedes aegypti Virus Flavivirus Chikungunya: Aedes sp.

  21. iii) Enteric diseases (Bacterial and viral infections of the gastrointestinal tract) • Eg: Cholera, Typhoid Fever • Usually by housefly: fecal contamination of food and water • iv) Sleeping sickness (Africa) • A bite from Tsetse fly: protozoa Trypanosoma brucei

  22. 3) POLLINATOR : for plants Halictid bee Honey bee

  23. 4) Food source for animals/human • 5)Decomposers (dung beetle, flies etc.)

  24. 6) Bioindicator of stream health • Dragonfly spp • 7) Biotic indicator for Forensic Entomology • Some flies, spp. colonizing human corpse • 8) Production • Honey & Wax (Apis mellifera) • Silk (silkworm (Bombyx mori) • Cochneal (red dye) (Scale insect) • Shellac (Scale insect)

  25. 9) Medical purposes • Maggots (Diabetic patient):"blow flies (Calliphoridae) • Anticoagulant (Black flies) : keep laboratory blood specimens from clotting

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