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Theories and Practices of Development

Theories and Practices of Development. an historical overview. 1960’s: critiques of development emerge as de-colonization finishes: HISTORICAL CONTEXT?. ECLA: Raul Prebisch Uneven dev from trade and wage imbalances “Import substituting industrialization” and LA common market

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Theories and Practices of Development

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  1. Theories and Practices of Development an historical overview

  2. 1960’s: critiques of development emerge as de-colonization finishes: HISTORICAL CONTEXT? • ECLA: Raul Prebisch • Uneven dev from trade and wage imbalances • “Import substituting industrialization” and LA common market • Dependency Theory: • Andre Gunder Frank: “the development of underdevelopment” POWER • Contextual School (Cardoso) stressed internal relations, case specific evaluation based on political histories and opportunities for social movement opposition • Galtung (1971): Theory of Imperialism: center/periphery; role of elites in the periphery supports imperialism • World System Theory (1970’s): Wallerstein and Amin • Amin: economic surplus flows to core/reinforced by political power • W. added semi-periphery • Important precursor to analysis of strong stateNICs

  3. 1970’s and 1980’s • 1970’s • “Women in Development” WID • Economic boom-World financial crisis • Petrodollars, inflation • Debt Crisis in Third World • Late 1970’s “Basic Needs” (Anti Poverty) approach from non-aligned movement • 1980’s: “Structural Adjustment” & the lost decade • IMF response to Debt Crisis • Re-emergence of neoliberalism/Free Trade • Reagan/Thatcher

  4. 1980’s: Post structural/postmodern critiques • “Politics of representation” /Discourses of dev. • Econocentrism, “trickle down,” invisible categories • Thinking about “alternatives to development” • Heritage: Gandhi and colonialism • Postmodern theory in the west: relative values • Postcolonial voices in south: • “subaltern studies” • Third world women: “Alternatives to Development” • Grassroots movements/practices rather than theories • Environmental movements (Chipko in India) v. “scientific forestry” • Urban networks/self provisioning (soup kitchens in Peru, Mexico)

  5. Sustainable Development • Brundtland Commission (1987)“Our Common Future” • Definition: • 1992: “Earth Summit”or “Rio Conference” UN Conference on Environment and Development • West meets South • Agenda 21, • Critiques of SD • cooptation of the term “sustainable” • “Ecological imperialism”

  6. 1990’s: End of the Cold War/ Emergence of Globalization • Globalization: Interconnectedness • David Harvey (1989): “Condition of Postmodernity” • Geographies of Distance • Friction of Distance • Action at a Distance • Time Space Compression and Convergence: • State/Market/Civil Society: “hollowing out of the state?” • Institutions:Role of the State and NGOs in Development

  7. Recent development discourses/ideas • Population and Migration (Cairo Conference 1994) • 4th World Conference on Women (Beijing) • Anti globalization (Anti World Bank) movements • Livelihoods • “Capabilities” Amartya Sen • Social Capital: the development darling • Social support networks • Transnational networks • ICT4D/Knowledge societies

  8. Recent development discourses/ideas • HIV/AIDS • Economic justice • Debt Relief, Inequality • Governance • Participation • Global Instititutions of governance • Human rights • Terrorism, conflict and development

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