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Global Carbon Storage in Peatlands: Estimates and Climate Change Mitigation

This presentation by Matthias Drösler explores the immense global carbon storage potential of peatlands, estimating it between 270-450 Pg, which represents a significant proportion of the Earth's soil carbon pool. It discusses the importance of understanding GHG fluxes, the factors influencing spatial and temporal variability, and highlights the need for comprehensive measurement techniques to enhance peatland management for climate change mitigation. The presentation also emphasizes the economic and political dimensions of peatland conservation efforts within Europe.

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Global Carbon Storage in Peatlands: Estimates and Climate Change Mitigation

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  1. Vegetation Ecology Wetlands and GHG – exchange Matthias Drösler

  2. Estimates of C storage as peat globally / in Europe • Great global C store • 270-450 Pg, equals 1/5 – 1/3 of the soil C pool of the earth, and approximately half the amount of CO2-C as in the atmosphere • mineral subsoil C store min ~ 10 Pg, Europe 1.6 Pg • live vegetation ~ 1 – 2.5 % of the total C storage, ~ 7 Pg European peat ~ 10-15% of the global C store in peat

  3. Peatland GHG-fluxes - characteristics • Spatial variability matters: • water table • vegetation type • management • peat characteristics • ….. • Peatland-Landscape composed by a small scale mosaic of parameter combinations => specific requirements for site selection, measurement techniques and upscaling approaches • Temporal variability matters: • interannual variability • time since restoration • Management schemes • Multiyear measurement programmes to support modeling processes

  4. Measurement techniques

  5. Vegetation Ecology Climate change mitigation via peatland management? Freising 5. – 6. Oktober 2007 DGMT Deutsche Gesellschaft für Moor- und Torfkunde e.V

  6. Thematic sessions • session 1: GHG-exchange and climatic relevance of peatlands – balances and processes • session 2: scaling and inventories- requirements and methods • session 3: management – economic and political aspects of peatland management and conservation

  7. Thematic sessions • session 1: GHG-exchange and climatic relevance of peatlands – balances and processes • session 2: scaling and inventories- requirements and methods • session 3: management – economic and political aspects of peatland management and conservation

  8. Climate change mitigation via peatland management

  9. Climate change mitigation via peatland management Carrot 1000 Grass Drained Typha Forest ] -1 500 Cropland yr C. acu. -2 Peatlands Donauried fens Restored Peenetal fen [C-equiv. m Net climate effect Fen mire Poland 0 C. pan. -500 0 500 1000 -500 -2 -1 C balance [g C m yr ]

  10. Effect of drainage and reflooding on radiative forcing present Global warming potential (kg CO2 equivalents *ha-1*yr-1) Negative effect Positive effect Augustin, unpubl.

  11. Thematic sessions • session 1: GHG-exchange and climatic relevance of peatlands – balances and processes • session 2: scaling and inventories- requirements and methods • session 3: management – economic and political aspects of peatland management and conservation

  12. Thematic sessions • session 2: scaling and inventories- requirements and methods • soil C-inventories lacking (Germany) • remote sensing of landuse pattern o.k. but no activity data for upscaling (landuse intensity, management) • peatland-GHG to be reported in the NIR • Kyoto: Germany Art. 3.4 forest management; Denmark Art 3.4, grassland corpland management on organic soisl

  13. Thematic sessions • session 1: GHG-exchange and climatic relevance of peatlands – balances and processes • session 2: scaling and inventories- requirements and methods • session 3: management – economic and political aspects of peatland management and conservation

  14. Thematic sessions • session 3: management – economic and political aspects of peatland management and conservation • conservation programmes in Germany include to very different extend climate proteccion within the goals for peatland managment and conservation • Mostly win-win situation (climate, water retention and species conservation) expected • Wise use and climate friendly management of peatlands pays back (alder, reed …)

  15. Obvious gaps in our knowledge • Few year round GHG budgets based on continuous measurements exist for peatlands (EU-review in progress; will be submitted end of Nov.) • Representation of different climate zones up to now only limited. • There is particular need for more data about GHG budgets of peatlands under particular land uses and management: a) bog: grassland, cropland, land abandoned after peat cut, restoration, forest chronosequences, N2O fluxes in general. b) fen: abandoned after harvest, restoration, CO2 fluxes in general. • There are insufficient data to characterize GHG-flux sensitivity from peatlands to weather variability, climate change and N-input. • The assessment of restoration effects on GHG-fluxes needs more measurement programs and process studies, to cover variability in time and space (water table effects, management, vegetation) • GHG-studies to be combined with policy and economy research to identify socioeconomic drivers of peatland management

  16. Climate change mitigation via peatland management German BMBF-funded project within the programme on climate mitigation: GHG-exchange at 6 sites across german peatland regions Partners: TUM (coordination) IÖW LBEG MPI ZALF associated via EU-TOK: University of Poznan Rzecin-site Map from Schopp-Guth (1999) 2004-10 2006-10 2006-10 2006-10 2006-10 2005 2006-10 1999/00 2006-10 2006

  17. Climate change mitigation via peatland management TUM-VegOek coordination MPI and TUM-VegOek policy advice IÖW macro-economics TUM-WDL farm level economy ZALF-BLF upscaling TUM-VegOek modeling MPI GHG in the soil profile TG5 & TG6 TUM-VegOek GHG-exchange TG1 & TG2 LBEG GHG-exchange TG3 & TG4 ZALF-AUG GHG-exchange

  18. climatic relevance of the GHG-exchange of German and Bavarian Peatlands total-Carbon in German peatlands min. 400 - 1000 Mio t C Bavaria min. 65 Mio t C(NIR 2004 and Byrne et al. 2004) potential emission to CO2 equals min. 1.5-times the annual total emissions of Germany (2002) or 3-times the bavarian total emissions estimates of the total GHG-balance of German peatlands are between 23 (Byrne et al. 2004) to 44 Mio t CO2- equiv. a-1 (Freibauer et al., in Vorb.). Bavarian part around 6.8 Mio t CO2-Äquiv. a-1 anthropogenic GHG-emissions from peatlands represent 2.3- 4.5% of German total emissions or around 8 % for Bavaria But still big uncertainties and data-gaps!

  19. Thanks for your attention

  20. wetland swamp non-peatforming fresh-water peatland marsh non-peatforming salt-water influenced bog (ombro- trophic) fen (minero- trophic) used natural used mire

  21. Klimaschutz - Moornutzungsstrategien • Management in wetlands • Goals • Agricultural Production • Forestry production • Bioernegy • Species conservation • Water retention • Carbon storage • Scenery, tourism • … • - Temporal aspects • cutting: decreasing frequencies with decreasing intensity • grazing: intensity gradient, species • fertilization: • water table: dynamics • restoration works • -Intensity • Spatial • small scale mosaic of different landuse regime • Manipulation of site conditions • Water table management (drainage, rewetting) • Restoration

  22. Global warming potential in 2005 and 2006

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