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First lecture

First lecture. Computer Basics (أساسيات الكمبيوتر). Introduction. Computer Definition ( تعريف الكمبيوتر ) Is an electronic device that is receiving and storing data and then p rocessed and then directed by the outcome of treatment through the output devices.

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First lecture

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  1. First lecture Computer Basics(أساسيات الكمبيوتر)

  2. Introduction • Computer Definition (تعريف الكمبيوتر) Is an electronic device that is receiving and storing data and then processed and then directed by the outcome of treatment through the output devices. • Treatment process(عملية المعالجه) بيانات Data معلومات Information Processing تعالج

  3. Introduction • History and development of Computer • a computer was not born of chance, but was the result of research and many attempts(محاولات)of scientists since long time. • Can divide(تقسيم)the computers into five stages and can call each stage name generation.

  4. Five generations • The first generation )1946– 1958 ( Appeared the first electronic calculator that provides the basic concepts in the work of computers.Characteristics (خصائص)of computers of this generation • large size , heavy weight • slow speed is measured in milliseconds • consume high thermal energy and thus generate large amounts of heat Example Electronic computer ENIAC 1

  5. Five generations • The Second generation )1958– 1965 ( Characteristics of computers of this generation • Small size • High speed compared to(مقارنة)the first generation • Do not consume high thermal energy , Does not produce high temperature Example IBM

  6. Five generations • The Third generation )1965– 1972 ( Characteristics of computers of this generation • Doubled the speed are measured in Nanoseconds • Used integrated circuits(الدوائر المتكاملة) (IC) (integrated electronic circuits on a small slice of silicon no bigger than 1cm) • Consume very less energy

  7. Five generations • The Fourth generation )1972– 1980 ( Characteristics of computers of this generation • Very high speed are measured in hertz • Appeared large-scale integrated circuits (الدوائر المتكاملة واسعة النطاق)(LIC), It is a chip containing millions of transistors • This resulted in appearance of (المعالجات الدقيقة)the microprocessor • Appeared micro computers

  8. Five generations • The Fifth generation )1980– Until the present day ( Characteristics of computers of this generation Search for the invention of Computers intelligent high capacity and continued scientific research in the areas of artificial intelligence and expert systems and natural language

  9. Data Vs Information Data: Is a (Facts - symbols - numbers .... etc) constitute the raw material(المواد الاوليه). Example student's score in the articles of the first year.

  10. Data Vs Information Information: Is a data after treatment so that they appear useful to the user. Example : • Data: 51007 • Information: • 5/10/07 The date of your final exam.

  11. Computer Properties • speed. • High-energy storage • Accuracy and reliability(الدقة و الموضوعية) • Economical(اقتصادي) • Ability to communicate with other enabled PC

  12. Classification of computers Computers are involved in the basic components, but are classified depending on the number of bases to several types

  13. Are designed to do many of the business Are designed for special purposes

  14. very large. • run dozens of programs at one time. • exorbitant cost • linked to hundreds of device& • peripherals • large. • used in institutions and large corporations. • linked to hundreds of terminals through control unit • Mini computer • (sever) • Micro computer • Super computers • Main frame computers • personal computers. • high-speed. • more accuracy in processing • low price. • possibility of linking with many of terminals& • network

  15. Computers deal with the digital Signal Ex: pc Dependent on the measurement in their work Ex: temperature, pressure,length

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