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Understanding Deformation of the Earth's Crust: Stress, Folding, and Faulting

This chapter explores the processes that change the shape of rocks in the Earth's crust due to stress. It covers key concepts such as deformation, including compression and tension, and details the types of stress that result in bending and folding of rock layers. Notable formations like anticlines, synclines, and monoclines are discussed, along with faulting types such as normal and reverse faults. Additionally, it delves into plate tectonics and their role in mountain building, uplift, and subsidence. Understanding these processes is essential for geology and Earth sciences.

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Understanding Deformation of the Earth's Crust: Stress, Folding, and Faulting

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  1. Chapter 7 Section 4 Deforming the earth’s crust

  2. The process by which the shape of a rock changes because of stress. Deformation

  3. compression tension • Stress that occurs when forces act to squeeze an object • Stress that occurs when forces act to stretch an object 2 types of stress deform rocks

  4. Bending of rock layers due to stress Folding

  5. Anticline- upward arching folds Syncline- downward trough like folds Monocline- both ends are horizontal but the middle is bent 3 types of folding 2 most common types

  6. A break in a body of rock along which one block slides relative to another You can tell the kind of fault it is by order of sedimentary rock layers. Faulting

  7. Normal Faults Reverse faults • When it moves it causes the hanging wall to move down relative to the footwall • Usually occurs when tectonic forces cause tension that pulls rocks apart • Causes hanging wall to move up relative to footwall • Usually happen when tectonic forces cause compression that pushes rocks together 2 major types of faults

  8. Plate tectonics & mountain building • Uplift • Rising of regions of Earth’s crust to higher elevations • Subsidence • Sinking of regions of Earth’s crust to lower elevations

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